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GI > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Which is the lowermost costal cartilage palpable?

A

T10

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2
Q

How does appendicitis present and why?

A

Initially the pain is visceral, it is mediated by the lesser splanchnic nerves (T10-T11), and the painis felt vaguely in these dermatimes (around the umbillicus(.
Once the inside of the abdominal wall becomes inflames, somatic pain is mediated through the spinal nerves and the pain is located precisely where the inflammation is

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3
Q

Transpyloric plane of Addison

A

Passes through the upper abdomen at L1 defined as the midpoint between the suprasternal notch and the symphysis pubis

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4
Q

Sub-costal plane

A

Plane parallel to the lowest points of the costal margin. Marks the level of L2 vertebra, the origin of the superior mesenteric artery and the lower limit of the spinal cord (in an adult)

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5
Q

McBurneys Point

A

2/3 of the way along the line joining the umbillicus to the right anterior superior iliac spine. It mark the usual site of the base of the appendix.

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6
Q

Umbillicus

A

Point of insertion of the umbillical cord- leverl of L3 vertebra

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7
Q

Intertubercular plane

A

Plane along a line joining the tubercles of the iliac crests and marks the position of the L4 vertebra and the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta

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8
Q

Intercristal plane

A

A plane across the lower back between the highest points of the pelvis posteriorly and marks the space between L4-L5. It is used in lumbar puncture

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9
Q

What is the transpyloric plane and what structures lie beneath it?

A

A horizontal plane through the L1 vertebra.
Gall bladder, hilum of the right kidney, second part of the duodenum, head of the pancreas, pylorus, body of the pancreas, hilum of the spleen.

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10
Q

What are the dermatomes of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

T6-T12

T10 around the umbillicus

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11
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the external oblique?

A

origin: lower ribs and the thoraco-lumbar fascia
insertion: into the linea alba via its aponeurosis

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12
Q

Origin and insertion of the internal oblique?

A

origin: lateral 1/2 of the inguinal ligamnet, thoraco-lumbar fascia
insertion: into the linea alba via its aponeurosis and thepubic tubercle via the conjoint tendon

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13
Q

Origin and insertion of the transversus abdominis?

A

origin: thoraco-lumbar fascia, lateral 1/3 of the inguinal ligament, lower edge of the costal margin
insertion: intho the linea alba via its aponeurosis and the pubic tubercle via the conjoint tendon

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14
Q

What composes the rectus sheath?

A

Rectus muscle, inferor epigastric artery and vein, superior epigastric artery and vein, sympathertic nerves, lymphatics, terminal branches of spinal nerves

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15
Q

Where does the base of the appendix lie?

A

1/3 of the way along a line from the superior iliac spine to umbillicus

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16
Q

Betwene which 2 bony points does the inguinal ligament run?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle

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17
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

The lower limit of the posterior rectus sheath

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18
Q

Patient in supine position, where might fluid collect in the abdomen?

A

Right retrohepatic space

19
Q

Of what is the ligamentum teres a vestige?

A

umbilical vein

20
Q

What structures surround the epiploic foramen?

A

Anteriorly: the free edge of the lesser omentum
Posteriroly: inferior vene cava
Inferiorly: duodenum
Superiorly: caudate lobe of the liver

21
Q

What connects the jejunum to the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Small bowel mesentery

22
Q

What parts of the large bowel are contained within the mesentery?

A

Transverse colon and the sigmoid colon

23
Q

Define the lesser sac?

A

Is it a sac of peritoneum which sits behind the posterior wall of the stomach and only communicates with the greater sac through the epiploic foramina.

24
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

A

Fundus, cardia, body, antrum

25
Q

Which nerve lies infront/ behind the abdominal oesophagus?

A

The left vagus lies infront and the right vagus lies behind

26
Q

What is the blood supply to the stomach?

A

Coelic axis:
left gastric- lesser curve from the oesophagus down
right gastric- lesser curve from the duodenum up
right gastroepiploic- greater curve, duodenum up
left gastroepiploic- greated curve, spleen down
short gastrics- fundus

27
Q

What vertebral level does the oesophagus pass through the diagphragm?

A

T10

with the right and left vagus nerves ad the inferior oesophageal artery

28
Q

What does the left gastric artery supply?

A

Superior part of the lesser curve of the stomach and the lower 1/3 of the oesophagus

29
Q

What nerves supply the stomach?

A

Parasympathetic- vagus

Sympathetic- greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)

30
Q

What attaches the stomach to the liver?

A

The lesser omentum

31
Q

To where may Meckels diverticulum be attached?

A

2 feet from the ileo-caecal valve

32
Q

Into which vein does the blood from the jejunum and the ileum drain?

A

superior mesenteric vein

33
Q

Which structures does the root of the small bowel mesentery cross?

A

Aorta, IVC, right ureter, right gonadal vein and artery

34
Q

How do the arterial arcades of the jejunum and ilium differ?

A

Jejunum- long and single

ilium- short and multiple

35
Q

To where does lymph from the ileum drain?

A

Via lymphatics which follow the superior mesenteric artery

36
Q

What is the innervation of the small bowel?

A

sympathetic- lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-T11)

parasympathetic- vagus

37
Q

What are the 4 mechanisms to ensure high SA for nutrient absorption?

A

Coiled length
plicae circularis
villi
microvilli

38
Q

What artery normally supplies the descending colon?

A

Left colic branch of the middle colic superiorly

left colic branch of the inferior mesenteric inferiorly

39
Q

Where is McBurneys point?

A

1/3 of the way between the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus

40
Q

What is the significance of the wandering artery of Drumond?

A

It is an anastomosis between the middle colic and sigmoid arteries. If the inferior mesenteric artery occoludes slowly, the superior mesenteric artery takes over the blood supply of the hindgut through this artery

41
Q

What is the blood supply of the appendix?

A

Appendicular artery branch of the ileal artery

42
Q

Where may the distal end of the appendix lie?

A

In the pouch of Douglas, behind the caecum, behind the umbilicus, just below the liver

43
Q

Which parts of the large intestine lies in a mesentery?

A

Transverse colon and sigmoid colon

44
Q

How does the large and small intestines differ?

A

Large bowel has tenai coli, appendices epiploicae, position, haustrations, calibre

GI (3 decks)

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