Anatomy

Question 1

Which part of the mediastinum is larger?

Answer 1

Inferior

**Inferior is further divided into anterior, superior and posterior

Sup- First rib to T4
Ant inf- T4- T9
Mid inf- T4- T9
Post inf- T4- T12

Question 2

Apex- where and which ventricle

Answer 2

Anterior and to the left

Left ventricle

Question 3

Plane between the atria and ventricles- there is a groove present here

Answer 3

Atrio-ventricular groove

Coronary sulcus

Question 4

Two layers of the pericardium

Answer 4

Fibrous pericardium

Serous pericardium

Question 5

Functions of the fibrous pericardium

Answer 5

1) Protects the heart
2) Prevents overfilling
3) Anchors it to surrounding structures

Question 6

Serous pericardium

Answer 6

There are two layers of serous pericardium- parietal layer attaches to the fibrous pericardium and then turns to form the epicardium

Question 7

Serous fluid

Answer 7

Between parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium

Reduces friction

Question 8

Papillary muscles

Answer 8

Each of these has thin thread-like tendons called chordae tendinae
The tips of these tendons are attached to margins of the AV valve cusps
Prevent the cusps from being blown back into the atria

Question 9

Aortic sinuses

Answer 9

Dilatations of the aorta just above the the valve that divide into coronary arteries

Question 10

Where do coronary arteries emerge from?

Answer 10

Beneath the auricle

Question 11

Grooves on heart surface

Answer 11

Two grooves indicate the passage of blood vessels:

1) Coronary sulcus/Aterioventricular groove
2) Anterior interventricular sulcus

Question 12

Pectinate muscles

Answer 12

Smooth muscle bundles in anterior and posterior right atrium

Question 13

Crista terminalis

Answer 13

C-shaped ridge that separates the anterior and posterior region of the right atrium

Question 14

Fossa ovalis

Answer 14

Spot where there was opening, foramen ovale in the fetal heart before it closed

Question 15

There are three veins that empty into the right atrium

Answer 15

1) Superior vena cava
2) Inferior vena cava
3) Coronary sinus

Question 16

Papillary muscles

Answer 16

Project into the ventricular cavity and play a role in valve function

Question 17

Philtrum

Answer 17

Central strip of the nose

Question 18

Roof of the nasal cavity

Answer 18

Cribiform plate

Question 19

Where do frontal, ethmoid and maxillary sinuses open into? And what is this location called?

Answer 19

Middle meatus

Semi-lunar hiatus

Question 20

Where does pharynx end and trachea begin?

Answer 20

C6

Question 21

Rima glottides

Answer 21

A small space between two vocal chords

Boundary formed between the vocal chord and arytenoid

Question 22

Three membranes

Answer 22

Cricotracheal
Cricothyroid
Thyrohyoid

Question 23

What supplies the larynx and pharynx?

Answer 23

Vagus nerve

Larynx- superior laryngeal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 24

Muscles in the larynx

Answer 24

Suprahyoid- elevate the larynx

Infrahyoid- depress the larynx

Question 25

Lung hilum

Answer 25

Collection of structures that suspends the lung from the mediastinum
Bronchus
Pulmonary artery
Two pulmonary veins
Bronchial vessels

Question 26

Where are the visceral and parietal pleura continuous with each other?

Answer 26

Hilum of the lung

Question 27

Two recesses in the lung

Answer 27

Costo-diaphragmatic recess

Costo-mediastinal recess

Question 28

Bronchopulmonary segments

Answer 28

Part of a lobe supplied by single tertiary bronchus