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Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are there in the foot?

A

26

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2
Q

How many joints are in the foot?

A

35

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3
Q

What is the accessory ossicle between the 1st cuneiform and 1st/2nd met bases?

A

os intermetatarsium

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4
Q

What is the accessory ossicle located at the proximal 5th met base?

A

os vesalianum

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5
Q

What is another name of an accessory navicular?

A

os tibiale externum

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6
Q

What is the accessory bone of the dorsal aspect of the navicular?

A

os supranavicualre

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7
Q

Sesamoid bone in the PL tendon?

A

os peroneum

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8
Q

Accessory bone of the dorsal, anterior process of the calc?

A

os calcaneus secondarius

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9
Q

Accessory bone of the posterior aspect of the sustentaculum tali?

A

os sustentaculi

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10
Q

Accessory bone of the posterior aspect of the talus (aka lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus)?

A

os trigonum

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11
Q

What is the accessory bone distal to the medial malleolus?

A

os subtibiale

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12
Q

What is the accessory bone distal to the lateral malleolus?

A

os subfibulare

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13
Q

AVN of the tibial sesamoid?

A

Renandier

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14
Q

AVN of the fibular sesamoid?

A

Trevor

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15
Q

AVN of the phalanges?

A

Theiman

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16
Q

AVN of the met heads?

A

Freiberg

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17
Q

AVN of the 5th met base?

A

Iselen

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18
Q

AVN of the cuneiforms?

A

Buschke

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19
Q

AVN of the navicular?

A

Kohler

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20
Q

AVN of the cuboid?

A

Lance

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21
Q

AVN of the talus?

A

Diaz

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22
Q

AVN of the calcaneus?

A

Severe

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23
Q

AVN of the proximal, medial tibial epiphysis?

A

Blount

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24
Q

AVN of the tibial tuberosity?

A

Osgood-Schlatter

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25
Q

AVN of the femoral epiphysis?

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes

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26
Q

What attaches periosteum to bone?

A

Sharpey fibers

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27
Q

What are the 3 different types of coalitions?

A

Syndesmosis - fibrous
Snychondrosis - cartilaginous
Synostosis - osseous

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28
Q

What is the difference between a coalition and a bar?

A

Coalition – intra-articular fusion of two bones

Bar – extra-articular fusion

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29
Q

What is the most common coalition in the foot?

A

Distal and middle phalanx of the 5th digit

30
Q

What is the most common coalition in the rearfoot?

A

Talocalcaneal

31
Q

What is a steida process?

A

Enlarged os trigonum

32
Q

What is the only bone in the foot without any muscle origins or tendon insertions?

33
Q

What are the plantar muscle layers of the foot from superficial to deep?

A
  1. abductor hallucis, FDB, abductor digiti minimi
  2. QP, 4 lumbricals (2 tendons: FDL, FHL)
  3. FHB, adductor hallucus, flexor digiti minimi brevis
  4. Dorsal and Plantar Interossei (2 tendons: PL and TP)
34
Q

The FDL is the origin for what and the insertion for?

A

Origin of the lumbricals and insertion for QP

35
Q

What deformity will result from cutting the QP?

A

Digits 4 and 5 will become adductovarus

36
Q

How is the EDL attached to the proximal phalanxes?

A

Sling wraps aronud capsule which attaches to the plantar plate, deep transverse metatarsal ligament, and flexor tendon sheath, thus attaching to the plantar proximal phalanx (no direct insertion to the proximal phalanx)

37
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the capsularis tendon?

A

Origin: EHL
Insertion: 1st MTPJ capsule

38
Q

What is the master knot of henry?

A

Fibrous connection between the FHL and FDL tendons

39
Q

What 6 structures attach to the fibular sesamoid?

A
  1. FHB tendon
  2. Adductor hallucis tendon
  3. Plantar metatarsal-phalangeal ligament
  4. Lateral metatarsal-sesamoidal ligament
  5. intersesamoidal ligament
  6. phalangeal-sesamoidal ligament
40
Q

Are the sesamoids capsular or extra-capsular?

41
Q

What is the Lisfranc ligament?

A

Attaches the lateral aspect of the medial cuneiform to the medial base of the 2nd met

42
Q

What structures in the Lisfranc joint are not connected by ligaments?

A

1st and 2nd mets

43
Q

What is another name for the spring ligament?

A

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

44
Q

What ligaments compose the bifurcate ligament?

A
  1. dorsal calcaneonavicular ligament

2. calcaneocuboid ligament

45
Q

Which is stronger? The lateral ankle ligs or the deltoid?

46
Q

What are the components of the deltoid ligament?

A

Superificial: tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, posterior tibiotalar
Deep: anterior tibiotalar

47
Q

What 2 tendons pass over the deltoid ligament?

A
  1. tibialis posterior

2. peroneus longus

48
Q

What are the lateral ankle ligaments?

A

Anterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
Posterior talofibular

49
Q

What angle do the anterior talofibular and the calcaneofibular ligaments create?

A

105 degrees

50
Q

What is the strongest lateral ankle ligament?

A

Posterior talofibular

51
Q

What ankle ligaments are extra-capsular? Which are capsular?

A

Extra-capsular: calcaneofibular ligament

Capsular: all the others

52
Q

What 2 tendons pass over the lateral ankle ligaments?

A

Peroneus brevis and peroneus longus

53
Q

What 3 ligaments support the ankle syndesmosis?

A
  1. anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament
  2. posterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (aka the inferior transverse lig)
  3. interosseous tibiofibular ligament
54
Q

What is the Bassett ligament?

A

Anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament

55
Q

What is another name for the flexor retinaculum?

A

Lacinate ligament

56
Q

What are 2 other names for the superior extensor retinaculum?

A
  1. transverse crural ligament

2. superior part of the anterior annular ligament

57
Q

What are 4 other names for the inferior extensor retinaculum?

A
  1. cruciate curral ligament (this was the only one in crozer)
  2. ligamentum cruciatum of Weitbrecht
  3. frondiform ligament of Retzius
  4. Ligamentum lambodium
58
Q

Where does the plantaris insert?

A

Medial aspect of tendo-achilles into the calc

59
Q

What is the incidence of the peroneus quartus?

60
Q

What is the Hoke tonsil?

A

Fibrous, fatty plug within the sinus tarsi

61
Q

What is the pes anserinus?

A

Insertion of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosis into the anteromedial aspect of the proximal tibia where bursa may cause knee pain

62
Q

What is a Baker’s cyst?

A

Swelling of the bursa between the tendons of the medial head of the gastroc and the semimembranosus muscles

63
Q

What is a fabella?

A

Sesamoid bone occasionally found in the tendon of the lateral head of the gastroc

64
Q

What nerves form the sural nerve?

A
  1. medial sural cutaneous nerve (branch of the tibial nerve)

2. sural communicating branch (branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve which originates from the common peroneal)

65
Q

Does a neuorma lie dorsal or plantar to the deep transverse intermetatarsal ligament?

66
Q

Where do the interossei and lumbricals run in relation to the deep transverse intermetatrsal ligament?

A

Interossei – dorsal

Lumbricals – plantar

67
Q

What layers of the foot do the plantar nerves run?

A

Medial plantar: 1st layer (between the abductor hallucis and FDB)
Lateral plantar: between the 1st and 2nd layer

68
Q

What are the only 4 muscles the medial plantar nerve innervates?

A
  1. abductor hallucis
  2. FHB
  3. FDB
  4. 1st lumbrical
69
Q

What are the sources of blood supply to the talus?

A
  1. superior surface of head/neck
    - Artery of sinus tarsi
    - Branch from the anterior tibial artery or dorsalis pedis
  2. medial side of body:
    - Artery of tarsal canal
    - Posterior tibial artery
  3. lateral tubercle:
    - Anastomoses of branch of peroneal artery with medial calcaneal branch
70
Q

What are the sources of blood supply to the tendons?

A

Myotendinous junction, paratenon, and at the insertion to bone

Crozer-Keystone (3 decks)

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