Anatomy Flashcards
This is the last carpal in the distal row on the medial aspect.
Hamate
Hook like process on the Hamate which projects on the palmar surface
Hamulus
Smallest carpal bone in the distal row
Trapezoid
What is an older term for the Scaphoid bone
Navicular
What is the largest carpal bone in the proximal row
Scaphoid
Which carpal bone is boat shaped?
Scaphoid
What is the smallest of the carpal bones
Pisiform
Which bone is located anteriorly to the triquetrum and is most evident in the carpal sulcus view?
Pisiform
This bone is a four sided, irregular shaped carpal bone that is located medial and distal to the scaphoid. It is also proximal to the 1st metacarpal.
Trapezium
This is the largest of the carpal bones
Capitate
The capitate was previously called the _______
Os Magnum
There are _____ bones on each hand and wrist
27
The most distal bones of the hand are the
phalanges
The bones that make up the palm of the hand are the __________.
metacarpals
The first MC articulates with the
trapezium
The 2nd MC articulates with the
trapezoid
The 3rd MC articulates with the
Capitate
The 4th and 5th MC articulate with the
Hamate
DIP stands for
Distal Interphalangeal joint
PIP stands for
Proximal interphalangeal joint
MCP stands for
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Name the bones in the proximal row lateral to medial
"So Long to Pinky" Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform
Name the bones in the distal row medial to lateral
"Here Comes the Thumb" Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium
Which bone hangs the lowest.
Lunate
What is the Joint classification of the finger, hand, and wrist?
Synovial
What type of mobility does each joint of the finger, hand, and wrist have
Diarthrodial (freely movable)
Interphalangeal joints are ________joints
Ginglymus or hinge
Metacarpophalangeal joints
Ellipsoidal (condyloid)
The first carpometacarpal joint is a _______ joint
Sellar (saddle)
The second-fifth carpometacarpal joints are classified as _____________.
Plane (gliding)
Intercarpal joints are
Plane (gliding)
Wrist (radiocarpal) joint is
Ellipsoidal (condyloid)
Where is the CR placed for a PA projection of the fourth digit?
At the PIP
Where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the hand?
3rd MCP
Which is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?
Scaphoid
The Norgaard method requires the hands to be rotated by how many degrees?
45 degrees
The wrist joint has two important fat stripes. Name them.
Scaphoid fat stripe
pronator fat stripe
Absence or displacement of this structure may be the only indicator of a fracture on the radial aspect of the wrist
Scaphoid fat stripe
Absence or displacement of this structure may indicate a subtle fracture on the distal radius.
Pronator fat stripe
Correctly exposed images of the upper limbs should reveal _________________ for________________ and fine _____________of all bones being radiographed.
soft tissue margins
fat pad/stripe visualization
trabecular markings
What is the common SID for upper extremity work
40”
What is the conversion for a small to medium plaster cast?
Increase by 5-7 kV
What is the conversion for a large or wet plaster cast?
Increase by 8-10 kV
What is the conversion for a fiberglass cast?
Increase by 3-4 kV
What view would demonstrate an abnormality in the capal sulcus?
Gaynor-Hart method
What focal spot should be used ?
Small
What collimation rule should be followed?
Collimation borders should be visible on all fours side if the IR is large enough to allow this without cutting off essential anatomy.
What general positioning rule should be followed in terms of image receptor and body part?
- Always to place the long axis of the part being imaged parallel to the long axis of the portion of the IR being exposed.
- All body parts should be oriented in the same directions when tow or more projections are taken on the same IR.
Correct centering is important to avoid shape and size distortion and to demonstrate spaces clearly. What three principals should be remembered?
- Part should be parallel to the plane of the IR
- CR should be 90* or perpendicular to part and IR unless a specific angle is indicated.
- CR should be directed to correct centering point.
Bennett’s fracture
Fx of the base of the 1st MC, extending into the CMC joint, complicated by subluxation with some posterior displacement
Colles’ fracture
Transverse fracture of the distal radius in which the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly: an associated ulnar styloid fx seen in 50-60% of cases
Smith’s fx
Reverse Colles’ fx. Transverse fx of the distal radius with the distal fragment displaced anteriorly.
Boxer’s fx
Transvers fx that extends through the MC neck; most commonly seen in the 5th MC.
What is osteomyelitis
generalized or localized bone infection
Osteopetrosis
abnormally dense bone hereditary. (Marble bone)
Osteoporosis
reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue
Rheumatoid arthritis
arthritis that is a result of chronic systemic disease with inflammatory changes throughout the connective tissues.
What are the routine projections for Fingers?
PA, PA oblique, Lateral
What are the routine projections for Thumb?
AP, PA oblique, Lateral
What are the routine projections for a hand?
PA, PA oblique, Fan Lateral (or extension/flexion lateral)
What are the routine projections for a wrist?
PA or AP, PA oblique, Lateral
Why is it recommended that the medial oblique projections be preformed rather than the lateral oblique for the second digit of the hand
Definition is improved with less OID, however this may be more painful to the patient
Describe the term trabeculae
Bone markings
Pattern inside that resembles honey comb or sponge
Contains marrow or fat
