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Upper Extremity Anatomy and Positioning: Finger, Hand, Wrist > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

This is the last carpal in the distal row on the medial aspect.

A

Hamate

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2
Q

Hook like process on the Hamate which projects on the palmar surface

A

Hamulus

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3
Q

Smallest carpal bone in the distal row

A

Trapezoid

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4
Q

What is an older term for the Scaphoid bone

A

Navicular

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5
Q

What is the largest carpal bone in the proximal row

A

Scaphoid

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6
Q

Which carpal bone is boat shaped?

A

Scaphoid

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7
Q

What is the smallest of the carpal bones

A

Pisiform

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8
Q

Which bone is located anteriorly to the triquetrum and is most evident in the carpal sulcus view?

A

Pisiform

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9
Q

This bone is a four sided, irregular shaped carpal bone that is located medial and distal to the scaphoid. It is also proximal to the 1st metacarpal.

A

Trapezium

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10
Q

This is the largest of the carpal bones

A

Capitate

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11
Q

The capitate was previously called the _______

A

Os Magnum

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12
Q

There are _____ bones on each hand and wrist

A

27

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13
Q

The most distal bones of the hand are the

A

phalanges

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14
Q

The bones that make up the palm of the hand are the __________.

A

metacarpals

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15
Q

The first MC articulates with the

A

trapezium

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16
Q

The 2nd MC articulates with the

A

trapezoid

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17
Q

The 3rd MC articulates with the

A

Capitate

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18
Q

The 4th and 5th MC articulate with the

A

Hamate

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19
Q

DIP stands for

A

Distal Interphalangeal joint

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20
Q

PIP stands for

A

Proximal interphalangeal joint

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21
Q

MCP stands for

A

Metacarpophalangeal joint

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22
Q

Name the bones in the proximal row lateral to medial

A 
"So Long to Pinky"
Scaphoid 
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
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23
Q

Name the bones in the distal row medial to lateral

A 
"Here Comes the Thumb"
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
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24
Q

Which bone hangs the lowest.

A

Lunate

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25
Q

What is the Joint classification of the finger, hand, and wrist?

A

Synovial

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26
Q

What type of mobility does each joint of the finger, hand, and wrist have

A

Diarthrodial (freely movable)

27
Q

Interphalangeal joints are ________joints

A

Ginglymus or hinge

28
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints

A

Ellipsoidal (condyloid)

29
Q

The first carpometacarpal joint is a _______ joint

A

Sellar (saddle)

30
Q

The second-fifth carpometacarpal joints are classified as _____________.

A

Plane (gliding)

31
Q

Intercarpal joints are

A

Plane (gliding)

32
Q

Wrist (radiocarpal) joint is

A

Ellipsoidal (condyloid)

33
Q

Where is the CR placed for a PA projection of the fourth digit?

A

At the PIP

34
Q

Where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the hand?

A

3rd MCP

35
Q

Which is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?

A

Scaphoid

36
Q

The Norgaard method requires the hands to be rotated by how many degrees?

A

45 degrees

37
Q

The wrist joint has two important fat stripes. Name them.

A

Scaphoid fat stripe

pronator fat stripe

38
Q

Absence or displacement of this structure may be the only indicator of a fracture on the radial aspect of the wrist

A

Scaphoid fat stripe

39
Q

Absence or displacement of this structure may indicate a subtle fracture on the distal radius.

A

Pronator fat stripe

40
Q

Correctly exposed images of the upper limbs should reveal _________________ for________________ and fine _____________of all bones being radiographed.

A

soft tissue margins
fat pad/stripe visualization
trabecular markings

41
Q

What is the common SID for upper extremity work

A

40”

42
Q

What is the conversion for a small to medium plaster cast?

A

Increase by 5-7 kV

43
Q

What is the conversion for a large or wet plaster cast?

A

Increase by 8-10 kV

44
Q

What is the conversion for a fiberglass cast?

A

Increase by 3-4 kV

45
Q

What view would demonstrate an abnormality in the capal sulcus?

A

Gaynor-Hart method

46
Q

What focal spot should be used ?

A

Small

47
Q

What collimation rule should be followed?

A

Collimation borders should be visible on all fours side if the IR is large enough to allow this without cutting off essential anatomy.

48
Q

What general positioning rule should be followed in terms of image receptor and body part?

A
  1. Always to place the long axis of the part being imaged parallel to the long axis of the portion of the IR being exposed.
  2. All body parts should be oriented in the same directions when tow or more projections are taken on the same IR.
49
Q

Correct centering is important to avoid shape and size distortion and to demonstrate spaces clearly. What three principals should be remembered?

A
  1. Part should be parallel to the plane of the IR
  2. CR should be 90* or perpendicular to part and IR unless a specific angle is indicated.
  3. CR should be directed to correct centering point.
50
Q

Bennett’s fracture

A

Fx of the base of the 1st MC, extending into the CMC joint, complicated by subluxation with some posterior displacement

51
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

Transverse fracture of the distal radius in which the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly: an associated ulnar styloid fx seen in 50-60% of cases

52
Q

Smith’s fx

A

Reverse Colles’ fx. Transverse fx of the distal radius with the distal fragment displaced anteriorly.

53
Q

Boxer’s fx

A

Transvers fx that extends through the MC neck; most commonly seen in the 5th MC.

54
Q

What is osteomyelitis

A

generalized or localized bone infection

55
Q

Osteopetrosis

A

abnormally dense bone hereditary. (Marble bone)

56
Q

Osteoporosis

A

reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue

57
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

arthritis that is a result of chronic systemic disease with inflammatory changes throughout the connective tissues.

58
Q

What are the routine projections for Fingers?

A

PA, PA oblique, Lateral

59
Q

What are the routine projections for Thumb?

A

AP, PA oblique, Lateral

60
Q

What are the routine projections for a hand?

A

PA, PA oblique, Fan Lateral (or extension/flexion lateral)

61
Q

What are the routine projections for a wrist?

A

PA or AP, PA oblique, Lateral

62
Q

Why is it recommended that the medial oblique projections be preformed rather than the lateral oblique for the second digit of the hand

A

Definition is improved with less OID, however this may be more painful to the patient

63
Q

Describe the term trabeculae

A

Bone markings
Pattern inside that resembles honey comb or sponge
Contains marrow or fat

Upper Extremity Anatomy and Positioning: Finger, Hand, Wrist (1 decks)

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