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Human Sexuality > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Vulva

A

external genitalia of female, includes pubic hair, mons veneris, labia majora/minora, clitoris, urinary/vaginal openings

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2
Q

Mons veneris

A

“mound of venus”, area covering pubic bone, hundreds of nerve endings

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3
Q

Labia majora

A

outer lips extends downward from mons on each side of vulva, begins next to thigh, extends inward, skin is usually darker than thighs

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4
Q

Labia minora

A

inner lips, hairless folds of skin that join prepuce

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5
Q

Prepuce

A

clitoral hood

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6
Q

Labiaplasty

A

labia is made bigger/smaller by surgery, 3rd fastest growing cosmetic procedure

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7
Q

Clitoris

A

external glans and shaft, increase in size during ovulation, more sensitive to touch than vagina

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8
Q

Clitoridectomy

A

removal of clitoris

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9
Q

Genital infibulation

A

clitoris and labia are cut off, both sides of vulva are scraped raw, stitched with thorns, increased infertility rates

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10
Q

Vestibule

A

Area of vulva inside labia minora, rich in blood vessels and nerve endings

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11
Q

Urethra

A

small tube connecting bladder to urinary opening

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12
Q

Introitus

A

between urinary opening and anus

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13
Q

Hymen

A

lovers introitus, breaks after intercourse

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14
Q

Imperforate hymen

A

tissue seals vaginal opening, holds menstruation collection in vagina

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15
Q

Hymenplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of hymen

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16
Q

Perineum

A

smooth skin between vaginal opening and anus

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17
Q

Cavernous bodies (female)

A

structures in the shaft of the clitoris that engorge with blood during arousal

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18
Q

Vestibular bulbs

A

under inner labia, extend from below clitoris, engorge with blood during arousal

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19
Q

Bartholin’s Glands

A

Two small glands inside vagina, secrete few drops of liquid during arousal

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20
Q

Vagina

A

canal that opens at vulva, extends 3-5 inches into pelvis

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21
Q

Speculum

A

instrument used to open vaginal walls during pelvic exam

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22
Q

Kegel exercises

A

regain urinary control after childbirth

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23
Q

Mulosa

A

layer of mucous membrane in vagina

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24
Q

Rugae

A

folded walls

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25
Q

Grafenberg Spot

A

G-Spot, glands/ducts in anterior wall of vagina

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26
Q

Vasocongestion

A

engorgement of blood vessels in particular body parts in response to sexual arousal, enhances possibility of conception, increase sexual enjoyment

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27
Q

Douching

A

rinsing out inside of vagina, increased risk of ovarian cancer

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28
Q

Cervix

A

Back of vagina, small end of pear-shaped uterus

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29
Q

Os

A

opening of cervix that leads to interior of uterus

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30
Q

Uterus

A

pear-shaped organ, fetus development locations

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31
Q

Perimetrium

A

external thin membrane layer covering outside of uterus

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32
Q

Myometrium

A

muscle layer of uterine wall

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33
Q

Endometrium

A

tissue lines inside of uterine wall, hormone production

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34
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

4 inches long, connects ovaries to uterus

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35
Q

Fimbriae

A

fringelike ends of fallopian tubes, released ovum enters

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36
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

fertilized ovum is stuck on tube, rupturing, bleeding

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37
Q

Ovaries

A

shape of almonds, produce ova and sex hormones

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38
Q

Menstruation

A

build in uterine lining

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39
Q

Menarche

A

first menstrual bleeding

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40
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone

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41
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

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42
Q

Corpus luteum

A

produces progesterone

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43
Q

Menstrual phase

A

uterus sheds thickened inner layer of endometrium, consists of blood, mucus, endometrial tissue

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44
Q

Proliferative phase

A

pituitary gland increases production of FSH, estrogen causes endometrium to thicken

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45
Q

Secretory phase

A

corpus luteum develops/secretes progesterone

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46
Q

Blastocyst

A

multi-celled descendant of united egg and sperm

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47
Q

PMS

A

premenstrual syndrome, myriad of symptoms

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48
Q

PMDD

A

premenstrual dysphoric disorder, severe symptoms disturb woman’s functioning

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49
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstruation

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50
Q

Prostaglandins

A

hormones that induce uterine contractions (cramps)

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51
Q

Endometriosis

A

condition in which uterine tissue grows on various parts of abdominal activity

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52
Q

Amenorrhea

A

absence of menstruation, problems with reproductive organs, can happen after absence of oral contraceptives

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53
Q

TSS

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome, caused by toxins produced in bacterium, extensive tampon use

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54
Q

Menopause

A

cessation of menstruation as a result of aging process or surgical removal, hot flashes and night sweats

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55
Q

Climacteric

A

physiological changes that occur during transition period of fertility to infertility

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56
Q

Perimenopause

A

period before complete cessation of menstruation

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57
Q

HT

A 
hormone therapy, supplemental hormones during/after menopause
three main sources:
estrogen
testosterone
progesterone
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58
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection caused by bacteria

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59
Q

Vaginitis

A

inflammation of vaginal walls caused by variety of vaginal infections

60
Q

Pap smear

A

screening for cancer of cervix

61
Q

Hysterectomy

A

removal of uterus, second most performed operation

62
Q

Oophorectomy

A

removal of ovaries

63
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

indicate sexual maturity, not genitals

64
Q

Mammary glands

A

glands in breast that produce milk

65
Q

BSE

A

breast self exam

66
Q

Mammography

A

x-ray screening, helps detect cancerous cells

67
Q

Masectomy

A

removal of breast (affects sexuality)

68
Q

Penis

A

male sex organ consisting of internal root, external shaft, glans

69
Q

Root

A

extends internally into pelvic activity, attached to pubic bone

70
Q

Shaft

A

length of penis between glans and body

71
Q

Glans

A

head of penis, richly endowed with nerve endings

72
Q

Cavernous bodies (male)

A

structures in shaft that engorge with blood during sexual arousal

73
Q

Spongy body

A

cylinder that forms bulb at base of penis, extends into shaft, forms glans

74
Q

Foreskin

A

covering of skin over penile glans (male prepuce)

75
Q

Corona

A

rim of penile glans

76
Q

Frenulum

A

highly sensitive thin strip of skin, connects glans to shaft on underside of penis

77
Q

Scrotum

A

scrotal sac, pouch of skin of external male genitals that enclose testes

78
Q

Testis

A

male gonad inside scrotum, produces sperm

79
Q

Spermatic cord

A

cord attached to testis, contains vas deferens, blood vessels, nerves, muscle fibers

80
Q

Vas deferens

A

sperm-carrying tube

81
Q

Cremasteric reflex

A

sudden fear/stroke of inner thigh

82
Q

Testes (two functions)

A

secretion of sex hormones, production of sperm

83
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

one/both testes fails to descend (3-5% of infants)

84
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

thin, coiled structures in testes, sperm is produced

85
Q

Interstitial cells

A

cells located between sem. tubules that are major source of androgen

86
Q

Epididymis

A

structure along back of each testis in which sperm maturation occurs

87
Q

Vasectomy

A

male sterilization procedure that involves removing section from vas deferens

88
Q

Ejaculatory duct

A

two short ducts located within prostate gland

89
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

small glands adjacent to terminals of vas deferens, secrete alkaline fluid

90
Q

Prostate gland

A

structure about size/shape of walnut at base of bladder

91
Q

Cowper’s gland

A

two small structures located alongside base of urethra

92
Q

Semen

A

fluids from prostate, seminal vesicles, Cowper’s gland

93
Q

Erection

A

penis/clitoris engorges with blood, increase in size

94
Q

Ejaculation

A

semen is expelled from body via penis

95
Q

Emission phase

A

first stage of male orgasm, seminal fluid gathers

96
Q

Expulsion phase

A

second stage of male orgasm, semen is expelled

97
Q

Retrograde ejaculation

A

semen is expelled into bladder, happens with prostate surgery

98
Q

Nocturnal Emission

A

ejaculation while sleeping

99
Q

Phalloplasty

A

penis augmentation

100
Q

GRS

A

genital retraction syndrome, male believes penis is “shrinking”

101
Q

Koro

A

another word for GRS

102
Q

% of men that are circumcised in US?

A

80%

103
Q

Phimosis

A

extremely tight foreskin

104
Q

Urology

A

study of male genital/urinary health

105
Q

Smegma

A

cheesy substance of grandular secretions and skin cells that sometimes accumulate under foreskin/clitoris

106
Q

Prostatis

A

prostate is enlarged/inflamed

107
Q

BPH

A

benign prostatic hyperlasia, prostate gland increases in size

108
Q

DRE

A

digital rectal examination

109
Q

PSA

A

prostate-specific antigen

110
Q

USPSTF

A

U.S. preventative services task force

111
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

outer layer of brain’s cerebrum that controls higher mental process

112
Q

Limbic system

A

subcortical brain system composed of interrelated structures that influences sexual behavior

113
Q

MPOA

A

medical preoptic area

114
Q

Dopamine

A

neurotransmitter that facilitates sexual arousal and activity

115
Q

Serotonin

A

neurotransmitter that inhibits arousal/activity

116
Q

SSRI

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

117
Q

Erogenous zones

A

areas of body that are particularly responsive to sexual stimulation

118
Q

Primary erog. zone

A

dense concentrations of nerve endings

119
Q

Secondary erog. zone

A

erotic sensitivity through learning and experience

120
Q

Pheromones

A

certain odors produced by body that relate to reproductive functions

121
Q

VNO

A

vomeronasal organ

122
Q

OE

A

olfactory epithelium

123
Q

EST

A

estratetraenol, estrogen-like chemical found in female urine

124
Q

AND

A

androstadienone, testosterone found in men’s sweat

125
Q

Aphrodisiac

A

named after Aphrodite, substance that arouses sexual desire and increases capacity for sexual activity

126
Q

Anaphrodisiac

A

substance (drug) inhibits sexual desire

127
Q

Antihypertensive

A

Drugs used for treating high blood pressure

128
Q

Steroid hormones

A

sex hormones, hormons of adrenal cortex

129
Q

Androgens

A

male sex hormones

130
Q

Estrogens

A

female sex hormones

131
Q

Neuropeptide hormones

A

chemicals produced in brain that influence sexuality

132
Q

Oxytocin

A

“love hormone” produced in hypothalamus, influences sexual response

133
Q

Libido

A

sexual desire

134
Q

Orchidectomy

A

surgical procedure for removal of testes/castration

135
Q

Hypogonadism

A

state of testosterone deficiency resulting from endocrine system diseases

136
Q

ET

A

estrogen therapy

137
Q

TRT

A

testosterone replacement theory

138
Q

Kaplan’s Three Stage Model

A

desire
excitement
orgasm

139
Q

Masters & Johnson Four Phase Model

A

excitement
plateau
orgasm
resolution

140
Q

Refractory period

A

recovery stage in which there is a temporary inability to reach orgasm (male resolution stage)

141
Q

Myotonia

A

muscle tension during sexual arousal

142
Q

Sex flush

A

pink/red rash appears on chest during arousal (women)

143
Q

Orgasm

A

muscular contractions of pelvic floor muscles occurring at peak of sexual arousal, only lasts a few seconds

144
Q

PAP

A

prostatic acid phosphatase

145
Q

Prolactin

A

pituitary hormone secreted

146
Q

Multiple orgasms

A

more than one orgasm experienced within a short time

Human Sexuality (1 decks)

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