Anatomy Flashcards
Number of bones in foot
26
7 tarsal bones
5 metatarsal
14 phalanges
3 regions of foot
Hindfoot (talus and calcaneus)
Midfoot (navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms)
Forefoot (metatarsals and phalanges)
Groove posterior of talus is for?
Tendon of FHL
Os Trigonum lateral to FHL
Primary blood supply of talus
Artery of tarsal canal (posterior tibial artery)
Also, superior neck vessels (anterior tibial artery) and artery of the tarsal sinus (dorsalis pedis)
Cuboid is grooved on the plantar surface by what structure?
Peroneus longus
Ligaments of ankle syndesmosis
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
Transverse tibiofibular ligament
Interosseous ligament
Injury referred to as “high ankle sprain”
Injury (bony avulsion) to anterior inferior talofibular ligament (AITFL) in adolescents will result in
Tillaux fracture
Weakest lateral fibular ligament
ATFL
Injured with lateral ankle sprain
Injured ligament in lateral ankle sprains
Anterior talofibular ligament
Explain importance of ankle position in lateral ligament complex testing
Plantar fexion tightens ATFL
Inversion with neutral flexion tightens CFL
Supports head of talus. Attenuated in pes planus deformity
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)
Connects medial (shortest) cuneiform to second (longest) metatarsal
Lisfranc ligament
Major tendons which cross the ankle joint (medial)
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
“Tom, dick and Harry”
Only dorsal intrinsic muscle of the foot
Extensor digitorum brevis (innervated by lateral branch of deep peroneal nerve)
Lumbar plexus ventral rami
T12-L4
Nerve that pierces psoas and lies anteromedial to it
Genitofemoral nerve
Sacral plexus ventral rami
L4-S3
Structure at risk with anteriorly placed sacroiliac screw
Genitofemoral nerve
Major reference point for sciatic nerve and other neurovascular structures
Piriformis
Nerves which exit lesser sciatic foramen
Pudendal nerve Obturator internus nerve Posterior femoral cutaneous Sciatic nerve Inferior gluteal nerve Quadratus femoris
“POPS IQ”
Only dorsal intrinsic muscle of foot
Extensor digitorum brevis
EDB is innervated by what nerve
Lateral terminal branch of deep peroneal nerve
Genitofemoral nerve course
Pierces psoas and lies on its anteromedial surface
Sciatic nerve roots
L4-S3
Course of sciatic nerve
Passes anterior to piriformis and posterior to obturator internus and short external rotators
Nerve supply of all posterior thigh muscles
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
Only muscle in posterior thigh not innervated by tibial division of sciatic nerve
Short head of biceps femoris (innervated by peroneal division)
Supplies all intrinsic muscles of foot
Tibial nerve
Only extrinsic muscle of foot not supplied by tibial nerve
EDB
Supplied by deep peroneal nerve
Most proximal branch of lateral plantar nerve
Nerve to adductor digiti quinti
Baxter nerve
Supplies sensation to first web space of foot
Medial terminal branch of deep peroneal nerve
At risk for injury during placement of anterolateral ankle arthroscopy portal
Dorsal intermediate branch of superficial peroneal nerve
Supplies sensation to dorsomedial aspect of great toe
Dorsal medial cutaneous nerve of superficial peroneal nerve (crosses EHL in lateral to medial direction)
