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Step 1: Neuro > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Cauda equina vs. pudendal nerve injury

A

Pudendal nerve injury - pregnancy with bowel/bladder incontinence

Cauda equina - Compression below conus medullaris L1. Bilateral nerve pain/hyporeflexia + saddle anesthesia

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2
Q

Hyperacuity

A

Increased activity of tensor tympani (V3 nerve-arch 1) or Decreased activity of Stapedius muscle (CN 7- arch2)

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3
Q

L2-S1 functions

A

L2 - hip flexion (iliopsoas) L3 - knee flexion (quads) L4 - Patellar reflex L5 - Tib ant (foot ext), Peroneus (eversion), toe extensors/dorsal sensory S1 - ankle reflex + gluts, hams, gastrocs (flexors)

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4
Q

B12 vs. Vit E/Friedrich’s AR ataxia

A

B12 = degeneration of dorsal columns/lateral corticospinal tracts Vit E/Friedrich’s = dorsal columns/spinocerebellar tracts

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5
Q

Numbness after appendix removal

A

L1 - Iliohypogastric (suprapubic sensation), ilioinguinal (sensation genitals/thigh), genitofemoral (motor genitals, cremasteric reflex)

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6
Q

Ataxia with proprioception intact

A

Cerebellar ataxia - DCML in charge of conscious proprioception (cuneatus - head, gracillus - bottom) - Dorsal spinocerebellar - unconconscious proprioception

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7
Q

hypogastric vs. pelvic splanchnic vs. pudendal nerve

A

hypogastric - sympathetic to bladder, bowel, genitals pelvic splanchnic - parasympathetic pudendal - somatic to external sphincters (includes inferior rectal)

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8
Q

Fall towards the lesion

A

Ipsilateral vestibular apparatus problem or cerebellum (if ipsi intention tremor/finger nose problem)

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9
Q

Fall with eyes closed but not open

A

DCML fall with eyes open = cerebellar

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10
Q

Amygdala damage

A

Kluver-bucy (hyperphagia, hypersexuality,) - associated HSV-1 encephalitis

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11
Q

Precuneus gyrus

A

Memory and spacial processing

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12
Q

Paracentral lobule

A

Mixed sensory and motor

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13
Q

Cuneus gyrus

A

Contralateral inferior visual field deficit

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14
Q

Lingual gyrus

A

Vision related to letters + analysis of logical conditions

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15
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

Limbic system - Schizophrenics, Depression

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16
Q

Subcallosal gyurs

A

Serotonin receptors - Depression

17
Q

Superior frontal gyrus

A

Laughter, executive function

18
Q

Right vs left frontal lobe damage

A

Left = apathy, right = criminal

19
Q

Blood brain barrier - what goes in and what is blocked?

A

Goes in: CO2, O2, Amino acids, glucose

Blocked: Dopamine (L-dopa is precursor and can cross)

20
Q

Inferior frontal gyrus dominant hemisphere

A

Expressive (Broca) aphasia - agrammatic speech

21
Q

Superior temporal gyrus

A

Wernicke aphasia

22
Q

Angular gyrus

A

Dominant hemisphere - Gerstmann syndrome (bad planning, acalculia, agraphia - no writing, no calculating, normal reading)

Non-dominant - hemineglect of other side (lt side usually)

23
Q

Communicating vs non-communicating hydrocephalus

A

Communicating: Old (NPH), Baby (Subarachnoid scarring from meningitis)

Non-communicating: Obstruction at aqueduct sylvius (between midbrain 3rd ventricle /pons 4th ventricle)

24
Q

Broca and Wernice vascular supply

A

MCA

25
Q

Larynx innervation

A

All larynx except Cricothyroid - Recurrent laryngeal (CN10)

Cricothyroid - Superior laryngeal (CN10)

26
Q

Senile plaque vs neurofibillary tangle

A

Plaque - AB amyloid (from APP protein)

Neurofibliary tangle (hyperphosphorylated tau)

27
Q

decorticate vs decerebrate posturing

A

Decorticate - flexes toward the SPINAL CORD/CORTEX

Decerebrate - midbrain/pons

28
Q

Temporo-occipital association cortex

A

What pathway (what am I seeing - recognize objects - visual agnosia)

29
Q

Parieto-occipital association cortex

A

Where pathway - relationship of objects

30
Q

Circle of willis

A
31
Q

PICA lesion

A

Lateral medullary syndrome - dysphagia/hoarseness

32
Q

AICA lesion

A

AICA pooped = Facial Droop (Lateral pontine)

33
Q

Brain development regional breakdown - cephalons

A

Prosencephalon

a. Telencephalon - Cerebrum/Lat ventricles
b. Diencephalon - Thalamus/3rd ventricle

Mesencephalon

a. Midbrain/Aqueduct

Rhombencephalon

a. Metencephalon - Pons/Cerebellum/4th ventricle
b. Myelencephalon - Medulla

Step 1: Neuro (6 decks)

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