Anatomy

Question 1

Describe Duodenum

Answer 1

Shortest and widest segment
10” long
Bulb and C-loop easily seen

Question 2

The jejunum is how much of the small intestine

Answer 2

2/5

Question 3

How does the jejunum appear in a small bowel study, and why?

Answer 3

Feathery or coiled spring

Question 4

How long is the small intestine

Answer 4

23’ long

Question 5

The ileum makes up how much of the small intestine

Answer 5

3/5

Question 6

Where is the ligament of Treitz located?

Answer 6

At the duodenojejunal junction

Question 7

What is the name of the valve between the ileum and the cecum

Answer 7

Ileocecal valve

Question 8

What is the 2 functions of the ileocecal valve?

Answer 8

1. Prevents backward flow into the ileum

2. Prevents material from passing too quickly into the cecum.

Question 9

What is the name of the ileum where the small intestine joins the Cecum?

Answer 9

Terminal Ileum

Question 10

What are the 9 parts of the large intestine?

Answer 10

Cecum
Ascending colon
Right Colic Flexure/ Hepatic Flexure
Transverse Colon
Left Colic Flexure/ splenic flexure
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anus

Question 11

Appendix aka

Answer 11

Vermiform

Question 12

Where is the appendix located

Answer 12

At the base of cecum

Question 13

Define appendicitis

Answer 13

Infectious agent enters the appendix causing inflammation

Question 14

What is peritonitis

Answer 14

Infection in the peritoneum or lining of the abdomen, may be caused by the appendix rupturing

Question 15

Where is Haustra located and define

Answer 15

In the large intestine

Formed by 3 bands of muscle fiber, called taeniae coli.

Question 16

Peritoneum

Answer 16

A serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs

Question 17

Name the type of peritoneum that lines the abdominal cavity

Answer 17

Parietal peritoneum

Question 18

Name the peritoneum that covers certain abdominal organs

Answer 18

Visceral peritoneum

Question 19

Cavity or space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

Answer 19

Peritoneal cavity

Question 20

Define mesentary

Answer 20

A double fold of the peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall.

Question 21

What is Omentum

Answer 21

A special type of peritoneum tissue that extends from the stomach to other organs.

Question 22

Omentum is aka? And function

Answer 22

Fatty apron

Provides a layer of insulation between key organs and the exterior surface of body

Question 23

What are the 10 Retroperitoneal structures

Answer 23

Inferior vena cava
Adrenal glands
Kidneys
Duodenum
Pancreas 
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Aorta
Ureter
Upper Rectum

Question 24

3 Infraperitoneal structures

Answer 24

Urinary bladder
Lower rectum
Reproductive organs

Question 25

What are the 9 Intraperitoneal structures

Answer 25

``` Liver Gallbladder Spleen Stomach Jejunum Ileum Cecum Transverse colon Sigmoid colon ```

Question 26

3 things that happen in small intestine

Answer 26

Digestion Absorption Reabsorption of nutrients

Question 27

What primarily occurs in the duodenum and jejunum

Answer 27

Absorption of nutrients, water, salts, and proteins

Question 28

95% of reabsorption of water occurs

Answer 28

In the jejunum

Question 29

5% of water reabsorption occurs

Answer 29

In the large intestine

Question 30

The primary function of large intestine

Answer 30

Defecation or elimination

Question 31

What are synthesized in the large intestine

Answer 31

Bacteria synthesize certain vitamins such as B and K and amino acids.

Question 32

What is the by-product of the nutrients made in large intestine

Answer 32

Production of gas Or Flatus