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661 Midterm 1 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

function: pulls the hyoid anteriorly / posteriorly and up to elevate the larynx; depresses jaw / mandible

A

suprahyoid digastric (anterior AND posterior belly)

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2
Q

origin / insertion: suprahyoid digastric, anterior belly

A

origin : lower border of mandible, near mandible symphysis :: insertion : intermediate tendon

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3
Q

function: suprahyoid digastric (anterior AND posterior belly)

A

pulls the hyoid anteriorly / posteriorly and up to elevate the larynx; depresses jaw / mandible

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4
Q

origin / insertion: suprahyoid digastric, posterior belly

A

origin : mastoid process :: insertion : intermediate tendon

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5
Q

function: pulls the hyoid anteriorly and up; potentially elevates the larynx

A

suprahyoid geniohyoid AND suprahyoid mylohyoid

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6
Q

origin / insertion: suprahyoid geniohyoid

A

origin : mental spine / mental symphysis of mandible :: insertion : hyoid body

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7
Q

origin / insertion: suprahyoid mylohyoid

A

origin : mylohyoid line on the inner surface of the mandible :: insertion : inside raphe

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8
Q

function: suprahyoid geniohyoid AND suprahyoid mylohyoid

A

pulls the hyoid anteriorly and up; potentially elevates the larynx

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9
Q

the suprahyoid geniohyoid is ___ to the suprahyoid mylohyoid

A

superior

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10
Q

function: draws the hyoid up and back; potentially elevates the larynx

A

suprahyoid stylohyoid

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11
Q

origin / insertion: suprahyoid stylohyoid

A

origin : styloid process of the temporal bone :: insertion : body of the hyoid

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12
Q

list the suprahyoid extrinsic laryngeal muscles (5)

A

digastric (anterior belly / posterior belly), geniohyoid, mylohyoid, stylohyoid

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13
Q

function: potentially lowers or depresses the larynx

A

infrahyoid omohyoid, inferior belly

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14
Q

origin / insertion: infrahyoid omohyoid, inferior belly

A

origin : scapula :: insertion : intermediate tendon

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15
Q

function: pulls the hyoid down and back

A

infrahyoid omohyoid, superior belly

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16
Q

origin / insertion: infrahyoid omohyoid, superior belly

A

origin : intermediate tendon :: insertion : great horn of the hyoid

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17
Q

function: pulls down on the hyoid bone; potentially lowers the larynx

A

infrahyoid sternohyoid

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18
Q

origin / insertion: infrahyoid sternohyoid

A

origin : manubrium of the sternum and the end of the clavicle :: insertion : lower border body of the hyoid

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19
Q

function: lowers the larynx by pulling down on the thyroid cartilage

A

infrahyoid sternothyroid

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20
Q

origin / insertion: infrahyoid sternothyroid

A

origin : manubrium of the sternum and the first costal cartilage :: insertion : oblique line of the thyroid

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21
Q

function: elevates the larynx or depresses the hyoid

A

infrahyoid thyrohyoid

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22
Q

origin / insertion: infrahyoid thyrohyoid

A

origin : oblique line of the thyroid :: insertion : hyoid

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23
Q

list the infrahyoid extrinsic laryngeal muscles (5)

A

omohyoid (inferior belly / superior belly), sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

24
Q

function: abducts the vocal folds by rocking the arytenoid cartilage back to rotate the vocal process away form the midline

A

posterior cricoarytenoids

25
Q

origin / insertion: posterior cricoarytenoids

A

origin : posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage :: insertion : muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage

26
Q

function: adducts the vocal processes and adducts membranous portions of the vocal folds

A

lateral cricoarytenoid

27
Q

origin / insertion: lateral cricoarytenoid

A

origin : upper border and anterolateral arch of the cricoid :: insertion : muscular process of the arytenoids

28
Q

function: adducts the arytenoid cartilages and the cartilaginous (posterior) glottis

A

interarytenoid, oblique AND transverse

29
Q

origin / insertion: interarytenoid, oblique

A

origin : posterior portion of the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage :: insertion : up and across the apex of the opposite arytenoid

30
Q

function: interarytenoid, oblique AND transverse

A

adducts the arytenoid cartilages and the cartilaginous (posterior) glottis

31
Q

origin / insertion: interarytenoid, transverse

A

origin : lateral-posterior aspect of the arytenoid cartilage :: insertion : across and to the opposite of the arytenoid cartilage

32
Q

function: on contraction: decreases distance between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages and increases the distance between the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages. lengthens the vocal folds which increases longitudinal tension to increase pitch

A

cricothryoid, pars oblique AND pars recta

33
Q

origin / insertion: cricothyroid, pars oblique

A

origin : anterolateral arch of the cricoid :: insertion : inferior horn of the thyroid

34
Q

function: cricothryoid, pars oblique AND pars recta

A

on contraction: decreases distance between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages and increases the distance between the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages. lengthens the vocal folds which increases longitudinal tension to increase pitch

35
Q

origin / insertion: cricothyroid, pars recta

A

origin : anterolateral arch of the cricoid :: insertion : lower margin of the thyroid

36
Q

function: decreases distance between the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages. shortens vocal folds, relaxes cover, tenses body, bulks the vocal folds, aids in adduction, changes pitch

A

thyroarytenoid muscles, vocalis AND muscularis

37
Q

origin / insertion: thyroarytenoid muscles, vocalis AND muscularis

A

origin : deep surface of thyroid angle :: insertion : lateral / inferior aspect of the vocal processes of arytenoids (some fibers attach to the muscular process)

38
Q

list the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (8)

A

posterior cricoarytenoids, lateral cricoarytenoids, interarytenoids (oblique / transverse), cricothyroids (pars oblique / pars recta), thyroarytenoids (vocalis / muscularis)

39
Q

list the laryngeal cartilages (9)

A

thyroid; cricoid; arytenoid (2); cuneiform (2); corniculate (2); epiglottis

40
Q

which laryngeal cartilage is described by the following landmarks: laminae, ___ notch, superior cornu, inferior cornu, oblique line

A

thyroid cartilage

*cornu : horn

41
Q

which laryngeal cartilage is described by the following landmarks: lamina, arch, ___arytenoid articulatory facets, ___thyroid joint

A

cricoid cartilage

42
Q

which laryngeal cartilage is described by the following landmarks: vocal processes, apex, muscular processes

A

arytenoids

43
Q

expand: 2 layer VF scheme

A

body and cover

44
Q

expand: 3 layer VF scheme

A

cover, transition, and body AKA mucous membrane, vocal ligament, and thyroarytenoid muscle

45
Q

expand: 5 layer VF scheme

A

epithelium, superficial lamina propria, intermediate lamina propria, deep lamina propria, thyroarytenoid

46
Q

expand: VF cover

A

epithelium and superficial lamina propria

47
Q

expand: VF transition

A

intermediate lamina propria and deep lamina propria

48
Q

expand: VF body

A

thyroarytenoid muscle: vocalis and muscularis

49
Q

the basement membrane zone secures the ___ to the ___

A

epithelium to the superficial lamina propria

50
Q

the larynx is innervated by ___

A

CN X

51
Q

laryngeal nerve branches serving the larynx (2)

A

superior laryngeal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve

52
Q

two parts of superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve

A

internal branch enters through opening in thyrohyoid membrane with sensory info from supraglottic area of larynx; external branch provides motor innervation to cricothyroid, also sensory info from inferior laryngeal constrictors

53
Q

recurrent laryngeal branch of vague nerve (3)

A

motor innervation to all intrinsic laryngeal muscles (EXCEPT cricothyroid); sensory info from infraglottic larynx; right : loops around subclavian artery then ascends trachea :: left : loops around aortic branch then ascends trachea

54
Q

definition of mucosal wave

A

a wave-like motion in the cover (epithelium and superficial lamina propria) of the VFs as they vibrate

55
Q

true or false: alteration in the properties of the vocal fold cover will affect normal vibration and diminish the wave

A

true; such as scarring or stiffening by disease or surgical procedure

661 Midterm 1 (6 decks)

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