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Cervical Spine > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many coccyx segments does a child have

A

4

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2
Q

Total vertebrae of adult and child

A

26 and 33

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3
Q

Where does the spinal cord end

A

L1

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4
Q

Which are the primary curvatures and what shape?

A

Thoracic and sacral

Convex

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5
Q

Which are the secondary curvatures

A

Cervical and lumbar

Concave

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6
Q

Kyphosis is AKA

A

Dowager’s hump

Humpback

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7
Q

Describe kyphosis

A

Exaggerated thoracic curvature
Increased convexity
Osteoporosis may lead to this

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8
Q

Describe lordosis

A

Exaggerated lumbar cure
Increased concavity
Sometimes during prego

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9
Q

Scoliosis describe

A

Abnormal lateral curvature

Compensatory curve

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10
Q

How many sacral segments does a child have?

A

5

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11
Q

Dextroscoliosis

A

The spine curves to the right (usually thoracic), followed by a curve to the left, below it. Forming an S.

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12
Q

Levoscoliosis

A

A curve to the left, usually in the lumbar spine.

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13
Q

Parts of the intervertebral disc

A 
Annulus fibrosis (donut)
Nucleus pulposus (jelly)
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14
Q

Zygopophyseal joints are

A

Facet joints

Synovial joints

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15
Q

The purpose of zygapophyseal joints

A

Link vertebrae together

Allow flexion, extension, and twisting

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16
Q

How many zygapophyseal joints on each vertebrae and their location

A

Each vertebra has 2 sets of these joints
1 pair faces up - superior articular process, facet
and 1 pair faces down- inferior articular process, facet
On right and left side
Located posteriorly

17
Q

Articular Pillar

A

The columnar structure created by the superior and inferior articular processes of the cervical vertebrae

18
Q

Intervertebral Foramina

A

Formed by inferior and superior vertebral notches

Spaces between adjacent vertebrae which gives passage for spinal nerves.

19
Q

Typical cervical vertebrae has (12)

A 
Body
Pedicles
2 transverse formina
Vertebral formina
Bifid tip on spinous processes 
Lamina
Vertebral arch
Transverse processes 
Sup/inf articular processes
Vertebral Foramina
Zygapophyseal joint 
Articular pillar
20
Q

What 4 things are unique to c1 atlas

A

Has no body
Very short spinous process
Transverse Atlantal ligament that stabilizes the atlantoaxial joint
Anterior and posterior arch
Superior facets that articulate with occipital condyles
Transverse processes are longer than the other cervical vertebrae

21
Q

3 unique features of thoracic vertebra

A

Rib articulations
Sharp, caudally (down)-pointing spinous processes
Articular facets/Demi-facets on transverse and vertebral bodies

22
Q

Features of T1-4

A

Resembles cervical vertebrae
Short spinous processes
Shorter vertebral bodies

23
Q

2 features of T5-8

A

Typical thoracic vertebrae

Transverse processes articulate with ribs

24
Q

3 features of T9-12

A

Resemble lumbar vertebrae
Not long and pointy spinous processes
Larger bodies

25
Q

Costotransverse joint

A

As ribs go superiorly, the ribs articulate with transverse processes of vertebrae and tubercle of ribs

26
Q

The rib articulations are

A

Synovial capsules
Plane and gliding movement
Between ribs and vertebrae

27
Q

9 features of typical vertebrae

A 
Spinous process
Lamina
Transverse process
Articular facet
Pedicle
Body
Floor of pedicle/inferior vertebral notch
Inferior articular process
Facet, superior articular process
28
Q

Thoracic spine landmarks

4

A

Jugular notch T2-3
Sternal angle (btwn manubrium and body) T4-5
Xyphoid tip T9-10 or T10-11
Mid-thorax T7

29
Q

4 landmarks for Cervical spine

A

Thyroid cartilage C5
Angle of Mandible/Gonial Angle C3
Mastoid tip C1
EAM (external auditory meatus) and TEA (top of ear attachment) are above cervical vertebrae

30
Q

Disks of ? Are between the vertebrae

A

Fibrocartilage

31
Q

Two main parts of a typical vertebra

A

Body (anterior mass of bone)
Vertebral arch (posterior ring like portion)
They enclose the vertebral foramen

32
Q

The superior and inferior surfaces of the pedicles,or roots, are concave and form?

A

Vertebral notches

And intervertebral Foramina when articulated with vertebrae above and below

33
Q

Spina bifida

A

A congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the laminae fail to unite posteriorly at the midline.

34
Q

Four articular processes

A

2 superior and 2 inferior- arise from the junction of the pedicles and laminae to articulate with the vertebrae above and below

35
Q

Facets

A

The articulating surfaces of the 4 articular processes; covered with Fibrocartilage.

Cervical Spine (2 decks)

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