Anatomy

Question 1

How many coccyx segments does a child have

Answer 1

4

Question 2

Total vertebrae of adult and child

Answer 2

26 and 33

Question 3

Where does the spinal cord end

Answer 3

L1

Question 4

Which are the primary curvatures and what shape?

Answer 4

Thoracic and sacral

Convex

Question 5

Which are the secondary curvatures

Answer 5

Cervical and lumbar

Concave

Question 6

Kyphosis is AKA

Answer 6

Dowager’s hump

Humpback

Question 7

Describe kyphosis

Answer 7

Exaggerated thoracic curvature
Increased convexity
Osteoporosis may lead to this

Question 8

Describe lordosis

Answer 8

Exaggerated lumbar cure
Increased concavity
Sometimes during prego

Question 9

Scoliosis describe

Answer 9

Abnormal lateral curvature

Compensatory curve

Question 10

How many sacral segments does a child have?

Answer 10

5

Question 11

Dextroscoliosis

Answer 11

The spine curves to the right (usually thoracic), followed by a curve to the left, below it. Forming an S.

Question 12

Levoscoliosis

Answer 12

A curve to the left, usually in the lumbar spine.

Question 13

Parts of the intervertebral disc

Answer 13

Annulus fibrosis (donut)
Nucleus pulposus (jelly)

Question 14

Zygopophyseal joints are

Answer 14

Facet joints

Synovial joints

Question 15

The purpose of zygapophyseal joints

Answer 15

Link vertebrae together

Allow flexion, extension, and twisting

Question 16

How many zygapophyseal joints on each vertebrae and their location

Answer 16

Each vertebra has 2 sets of these joints
1 pair faces up - superior articular process, facet
and 1 pair faces down- inferior articular process, facet
On right and left side
Located posteriorly

Question 17

Articular Pillar

Answer 17

The columnar structure created by the superior and inferior articular processes of the cervical vertebrae

Question 18

Intervertebral Foramina

Answer 18

Formed by inferior and superior vertebral notches

Spaces between adjacent vertebrae which gives passage for spinal nerves.

Question 19

Typical cervical vertebrae has (12)

Answer 19

Body
Pedicles
2 transverse formina
Vertebral formina
Bifid tip on spinous processes 
Lamina
Vertebral arch
Transverse processes 
Sup/inf articular processes
Vertebral Foramina
Zygapophyseal joint 
Articular pillar

Question 20

What 4 things are unique to c1 atlas

Answer 20

Has no body
Very short spinous process
Transverse Atlantal ligament that stabilizes the atlantoaxial joint
Anterior and posterior arch
Superior facets that articulate with occipital condyles
Transverse processes are longer than the other cervical vertebrae

Question 21

3 unique features of thoracic vertebra

Answer 21

Rib articulations
Sharp, caudally (down)-pointing spinous processes
Articular facets/Demi-facets on transverse and vertebral bodies

Question 22

Features of T1-4

Answer 22

Resembles cervical vertebrae
Short spinous processes
Shorter vertebral bodies

Question 23

2 features of T5-8

Answer 23

Typical thoracic vertebrae

Transverse processes articulate with ribs

Question 24

3 features of T9-12

Answer 24

Resemble lumbar vertebrae
Not long and pointy spinous processes
Larger bodies

Question 25

Costotransverse joint

Answer 25

As ribs go superiorly, the ribs articulate with transverse processes of vertebrae and tubercle of ribs

Question 26

The rib articulations are

Answer 26

Synovial capsules Plane and gliding movement Between ribs and vertebrae

Question 27

9 features of typical vertebrae

Answer 27

``` Spinous process Lamina Transverse process Articular facet Pedicle Body Floor of pedicle/inferior vertebral notch Inferior articular process Facet, superior articular process ```

Question 28

Thoracic spine landmarks | 4

Answer 28

Jugular notch T2-3 Sternal angle (btwn manubrium and body) T4-5 Xyphoid tip T9-10 or T10-11 Mid-thorax T7

Question 29

4 landmarks for Cervical spine

Answer 29

Thyroid cartilage C5 Angle of Mandible/Gonial Angle C3 Mastoid tip C1 EAM (external auditory meatus) and TEA (top of ear attachment) are above cervical vertebrae

Question 30

Disks of ? Are between the vertebrae

Answer 30

Fibrocartilage

Question 31

Two main parts of a typical vertebra

Answer 31

Body (anterior mass of bone) Vertebral arch (posterior ring like portion) They enclose the vertebral foramen

Question 32

The superior and inferior surfaces of the pedicles,or roots, are concave and form?

Answer 32

Vertebral notches | And intervertebral Foramina when articulated with vertebrae above and below

Question 33

Spina bifida

Answer 33

A congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the laminae fail to unite posteriorly at the midline.

Question 34

Four articular processes

Answer 34

2 superior and 2 inferior- arise from the junction of the pedicles and laminae to articulate with the vertebrae above and below

Question 35

Facets

Answer 35

The articulating surfaces of the 4 articular processes; covered with Fibrocartilage.