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Study Skills > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrients is a

A

Are the substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all its essential processes

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2
Q

Energy is

A

When nutrients are used by the body for energy the amount of energy they release can be measured in the units called calories

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3
Q

Calories

A

Is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius

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4
Q

Carbohydrates

A

In addition to providing energy, carbohydrates provide the raw materials to make cell parts

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5
Q

Simple carbohydrates

A

Are also know as sugars

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6
Q

Glucose

A

Is a major source of energy for your body’s cells

Glucose is a form of sugar the body can most easily use

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7
Q

Complex carbohydrates

A

Are made up of sugar molecules linked together in a chain

starch is a complex carbohydrate found in foods like potatoes rice wheat corn

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8
Q

Fats

A

Are energy containing nutrients that are composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen however fats contain more than twice the energy of an equal amount of carbohydrates

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9
Q

What do fats do

A

Fatty tissue protects and supports your internal organs and insulates your body

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10
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

Are usually liquid at room temperature. Most cooking oils are unsaturated fats

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11
Q

Saturated fats

A

Are usually solid at room temperature meat and dairy contain large amounts of saturated fats

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12
Q

Cholesterol

A

Is a waxy fat like substance only found in animal products

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13
Q

What is not necessary for you to put in your diet and why?

A

Your liver can make all of the cholesterol your body needs so cholesterol is not a necessary part of your diet

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14
Q

Proteins

A

Are nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon hydrogen and oxygen

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15
Q

What are proteins needed for

A

They are needed for tissue growth and repair

they also play an important part in chemical reactions within cells

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16
Q

Amino acids

A

Which are linked together chemically to form a large protein molecules

Thousands of different proteins are built from 20 different amino acids

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17
Q

Complete and incomplete proteins

A

Foods from animal sources such as meat and eggs are sources of complete proteins because these foods contain all the essential amino acids

Proteins from plant sources such as beans grains and nuts are incomplete proteins because they are missing one or more essential amino acids

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18
Q

Vitamins

A

Act as a helper molecules In a variety of chemical reactions on the body

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19
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins that dissolve in a day and they are stored in fatty tissues in the body

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20
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins that dissolve in water and are not stored in the body

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21
Q

Minerals

A

Minerals are present in soil and are absorbed by plants through their roots

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22
Q

How you get minerals

A

You obtain minerals by eating plants

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23
Q

Water

A

Water is the most important nutrient because the body’s vital processes including chemical reactions such as the breakdown of nutrients take place in water

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24
Q

The food guide pyramid

A

Is a diagram that was developed to help people plan a heathy diet

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25
Q

Base of the pyramid

A

Bread cereal rice and pasta group these food are rich in complex carbohydrates

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26
Q

Middle of the pyramid

A

Vegetable group and fruit group

Good sources of carbohydrates fiber vitamins minerals and water

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27
Q

Third level of the food pyramid

A

Contains milk yogurt and cheese group.

And the meat poultry fish dry beans eggs and nuts group milk and other dairy products are rich in proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals people needs small amounts of this because it is high in protein

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28
Q

Top of the food pyramid

A

Foods containing large amounts of fat, sugars, these food contain few valuable nutrients this is the smallest part of the pyramid which means that intake of these food should be limited

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29
Q

Food labels

A

Food labels allow you to evaluate s single food as well as to compare the nutritional value of two different foods

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30
Q

Dietary reference intake or DRI’s

A

Guidelines that show the amounts of nutrients that are needed everyday

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31
Q

Digestion

A

The process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules

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32
Q

Absorption

A

Is the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood

33
Q

Saliva is

A

The fluid released when your mouth waters

34
Q

Enzymes

A

Are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body

35
Q

Epiglottis

A

Seals off your windpipe preventing the food from entering

36
Q

Esophagus is

A

A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

37
Q

Mucus

A

a think slippery substance produced by the body

38
Q

Peristalsis

A

These involuntary waves of muscle contraction

39
Q

Stomach

A

A j shaped muscular pouch located in the abdomen

40
Q

Small intestine is

A

The part of the digestive system where most chemical digestion takes place

41
Q

Liver is

A

Is located in the upper right portion of the abdomen also is the largest organ inside the body

42
Q

Bile

A

Is a substance that breaks up fat particles

43
Q

Gallbladder

A

The organ that stores bile

44
Q

Pancreas

A

Is a triangular organ that lies between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine

45
Q

What does the pancreas do

A

Produces enzymes that flow into the small intestine and help break down starches proteins and fats

46
Q

Villi

A

Millions of tiny finger shaped structures that cover the surface of the small intestine

47
Q

Large intestine is

A

The last section of the digestive system it is about 1.5 meters long

48
Q

Rectum is

A

Waste material is compressed into a solid form

49
Q

Anus is

A

A muscular opening at the end of the rectum

50
Q

Villi absorb

A

Nutrient molecules

51
Q

Incisors are where

And they do what

A

In the front of the mouth they cut food into bite size pieces

52
Q

Canines are where

and do what

A

Are in the middle of the mouth and these teeth tear and slash the food into smaller pieces

53
Q

What is urea

A

It is a chemical that comes from the background of proteins

54
Q

What is urine

A

A watery fluid that contains urea and other wastes

55
Q

What is Ureters

A

They carry urine to the urinary bladder

56
Q

What is the urinary bladder

A

A sacklike muscular organ that stores the urine

57
Q

What is the urethra

A

Urine leaves the body through a small tube

58
Q

What are nephrons

A

Tiny filtering factories that remove wastes from blood and produce urine

59
Q

What is respiration

A

The process by which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells

60
Q

What is cilia

A

Tiny hairlike extensions that can move together in a sweeping motion

61
Q

What is the pharynx or throat

A

Is the only part of the respiratory system that is shared with another system which is the digestive system

62
Q

What is the trachea

A

The tube that you breathe through

63
Q

What are the lungs

A

Are the main organs of the respiratory system

64
Q

What is bronchi

A

The passages that direct air to the lungs

65
Q

What is alveoli

A

Tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood

66
Q

What is the Diaphragm

A

A large dome shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing

67
Q

What is the larynx

A

Or voice box located in the top part of the trachea underneath the epiglottis

68
Q

What are vocal cords

A

Folds to connective tissue that produce your voice stretches across the opening of the larynx

69
Q

What is tar

A

Dark sticky substance that forms when tobacco burns

70
Q

What is carbon monoxide

A

A colorless order less gas

71
Q

What is Nicotine

A

It is a stimulant drug that increases the activities of the nervous system and heart which makes the heart beat faster

72
Q

What is addiction

A

Or physical dependence smokers feel an intense craving for a cigarette if they go without one

73
Q

What is chronic bronchitis

A

Is an irritation of the breathing passages in which the small passages become narrower than normal and may be clogged with mucus

74
Q

What is emphysema

A

It is a serious disease that destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties

It also makes a person not get enough oxygen and they cannot remove carbon dioxide easily
And this disease is permanent even a person stops smoking

75
Q

lung cancer

A

Is caused by more than 50 different chemicals in smoke

76
Q

What is Atherosclerosis

A

Can cause heart attacks

77
Q

What is Excretion

A

The removal process

78
Q

What are Kidneys

A

They help maintain homeostasis

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