anatomy Flashcards by Maurina Brooks

4 parts of the peridontium

gingiva, PDL, root cementum, alveolar bone

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To what type of bone does the PDL attach?

avleolar bone proper (ABP) aka bundle bone aka inner alveolar plate

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Where does gingiva attach to bone?

outer cortical plate

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PDL fibers attach to __________ and __________.

root cementum, alveolar process

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_______________ attach PDL to cementum.

Sharpies fibers

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2 functions of the periodontium

(1) attach the tooth to bony tissue and jaw (2) maintain integrity of masticatory mucosa

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Periodontium originates from ______________ cells.

neural crest`

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neural crest cells form _____________ beneath stomadeal epithelium.

ectomesenchyme

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stomadeal epithelium releases factors which initiate __________________ interactions.

epithelial-ectomesenchymal

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periodontium arises from which part of the tooth germ?

dental follicle (DF)

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____________ determines the shape and form of a tooth.

dental papilla

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Why is there no bleeding during tooth eruption?

eruption canal made from epithelial tissue with no blood supply

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Which part of the tooth forms first? (crown or root)

crown

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odontoblasts form dentin while_______________ is forming.

hertwig epithelial rooth sheath (HRS)

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What triggers the formation of cementum?

HRS breakdown makes follicle visible, follicular ectomesenchymal cells differentiate into cememtoblasts by amelogenin.

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PDL is formed by __________ that differentiated from dental follicle ___________ (location) to cementum.

fibroblasts, lateral

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__________ differentiate from dental follicle ectomesenchymal cells that form _____________.

odontoblasts, avleolar bone proper

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ectomesenchymal cells remain in mature periodontium and participate in ________.

turnover

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root completion and PDL formation take _________ years after eruption.

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part of the masticatory mucosa which covers the alveolar process and surrounds the cervical portion of the teeth

gingiva

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3 parts of the gingiva (aka gingival sulcus, marginal gingiva, sulcus depth)

free gingiva (FG), attached gingiva (AG), interdental papilla

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boundaries of free gingiva

extends from free gingival margin (FGM) to free gingival groove

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What does probing measure?

free gingiva depth

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_________ gingiva is thinner than _________ gingiva.

mand, max

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FG is made of ___________ epithelium.

keratinized

FGM is located ________mm coronal to CEJ

1.5-2

FGG is the jxn between ________ and __________.

FG and AG

true/ false: FGG found in almost all adults

false- only 30-40%

in healthy gingiva, the CEJ is cover by which kind of gingiva?

FGG corresponds to ______.

CEJ

3 types of gingival epithelium (GE)

oral epithelium (OE), oral sucular epithelium (OSE), junctional epthielium (JE)

which type of GE faces the oral cavity?

which type of GE faces tooth surface w/o contacting it?

OSE

whichy type of GE provides contact between gingiva and tooth surface?

true/false: if lost, OSE will not regenerate from OE

false: it will regenerate

when probing, which type of GE stops the probe?

the limits and landmarks of the FG change from health to disease, and this determines accuracy of ___________.

probe reading

5 characteristics of healthy AG

(1) firm texure (2) coral pink (3) immobile (4) varying width (5) stippling

true/ false: buccal AG width decreases with age due to passive eruption

false: increases

buccal AG is widest in ______ and narrowest in _____________.

incisors, premolars

mandibular lingual AG is widest in __________ and narrowest in ___________.

molars, incisors

mucogingival jxn (MGJ) is the jxn between _______ and ____________.

AG, alveolar mucosa (where keratinized meets unkeratinized gingiva)

why is there NO MGJ in the palate?

all palate gingiva is keratinized

Which type of gingiva is important to withstand friction and forces?

Regarding the interdental papilla (IP), the incisocervical direction measures what?

Width

Regarding the IP, the buccolingual direction measures what?

Thickness

3 things that determine shape of IP

Contact relationships between adj teeth, width of approximal tooth surface, course of CEJ

IP concavity seen in contact areas of premolar/ molar region

Col

What type of epithelium makes up the col?

Non-keratinized

OE is composed of _____________ epithelium (specific name)

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (keratinocytes)

4 layers of OE

Basal, prickle, granular, keratinized

T/F: Orthokeratinized (no nucleus) and parakeratinized (nuclear remnants) epithelium both behave the same way.

True

Out of the four OE layers, which one does the most work?

Basal layer bec. Its making new cells

From the basal layer to the granular layer, number of cytoplasmic tonofilaments and desmosomes increases or decreases?

Increases

From basal layer to granular layer, number of organelles increases or decreases?

Decreases

Which cells make up 90% of OE?

Keratinocytes

Which OE cells are the most common and synthesize melanin?

Melanocytes

Which OE cells are the most numerous defense cells?

Langerhans cells

Which OE cells are sensory cells?

Merkels cells

The basement membrane is located between the _______ blank layer of the OE and _________.

Basal, connective tissue

The basement membrane is ______mm wide, rich in _____________ and contains ________________ complexes

1-2, glycoproteins, protein-polysaccharide

2 layers of the basement membrane

Lamina lucida- adj to basal cells Lamina densa- adj to connective tissue Hemisesmodomes

Fused rete pegs within CT

Stippling

What is the first attachment place for gingiva to enamel?

Junctional epithelium

Which cell are bigger? JE or OE

During eruption, REE is the precursor to ________.

After eruption, OE cells differentiate into ______.

T/F: JE is continually renewed

True

Which intercellular space is larger? JE or OE

Which has more desmosomes? JE or OE

T/F: JE cannot become keratinized even when exposed to friction

FALSE

Why does the JE have fewer desmosomes than OE?

more gaps to allow neutrophils to pass through and get into sulcus

attachment loss

JE moves down (apically) from CEJ

An adult healthy JE sits ____mm or _______ the CEJ

1mm or at

______, _______, epithelium is necessary for pocket formation

viable and functional

necrotic ulcerative periodontitis (NUP)

HIV patients, JE cells die resulting in pocketing, bone exposed

If a patient has AL of 3mm and -3mm recession, what is the pocket depth?

6mm

If a patient has 6mm AL, what is the pocket depth

6mm

If a patient has 3mm true recession and a 6mm pocket depth from gingival margin, what is AL?

9mm

In gingival connective tissue (lamina propria), fibroblast synthesize 4 types of fiber

collagen, reticulin, oxylatan and elastic

which 2 gingival CT fibers mainly serve to protect BV?

oxytalan and elastic fibers

4 types of gingival fibers

circular, dentogingival, dentoperiosteal, transseptal

_____fibers encircle the tooth like a cuff

circular

_______ fibers fan out from supra-crestal cementum into free gingiva

dentogingival

__ fibers run from supracrestal cementum into attached gingiva

dentoperiosteal

_______fibers run from tooth to tooth embedded in cementum

transseptal

main function of PDL

evenly distributes forces, essential to tooth mobility

PDL fibers

alveolar crest fibers, horizontal, oblique, apical (all have similar fxns)

epithelial cell rests of Mallassez are remnants of ___________

Hertwig's epithelial root sheath

Which tissue is silimar to bone but has no vascular system, innervation or resorption/ remodeling?

cementum

Cementum has a mineral content of ________%, _________ fibers embedded in organic matrix, and continues __________ throughout life.

65, collagen, deposition

Intrinsic cemental fibers are produced by ____________ and consist of fibers __________ to the root.

cementoblasts, parallel

Extrinsic cemental fibers are ________ and produced by ________.

Sharpey's fibers, PDL fibroblasts

Acellular, extrinsic fiber cementum is found on the _________ or__________ portion of the root.

coronal or middle

Cellular, mixed stratified cementum is found on the _______ of the root and in the _________.

apical third and furcations

Cellular, instrinsic fiber cementum is found in ___________.

resorption lacunae

where is cementum is thickest?

apical region

Alveolar bone consists of bone formed by __________ and ______________.

cells from dental follicle and cells independent of tooth development

Alveolar bone consists of ________ and ______ bone.

cancellous and cortical

In alveolar bone, _________ produce bone matrix (osteoid) consisting of collagen fibers, glycoprotiens and proteoglycans

osteoblasts