Anatomy Flashcards
Trace a drop of blood through the heart (& lungs) beginning with the IVC (include valves).
IVC > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary trunk valve > pulmonary trunk > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium > bicuspid (mitral) valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta
Name the three layers surrounding the heart/pericardial cavity.
Fibrous pericardium (1) Serous pericardium: visceral layer (2) & parietal layer (3)
1) What are the surface projections of the superior border of the heart? 2) What structures make up the superior border?
1) The 2nd and 3rd costal cartilages
2) Right and left atrium, aorta, pulmonary trunk
What are the sulci of the heart?
Coronary, anterior interventricular, & posterior interventricular (CAP)
Lymphatics of the heart: Left region
2 Regions:
Left: LV, small tip of RV, LA > left coronary trunk > tracheobronchial lymph nodes > drain to right subclavian and internal jugular veins (LV-sRV > left coronary trunk > tracheobronchial > RS and IJ)
Sympathetic innervation to the heart
T2-T5 > thoracic aortic plexus, pulmonary plexus, cardiac plexus
Parasympathetic innervation to the heart
Vagus (CN X) > cardiac plexus
Lymphatic of the heart: Right region
RV & portions of the RA > right coronary trunk > along the ascending aorta > junction of left subclavian and internal jugular (RV-RA > RCT > AA > JLS and IJ)
Lub
Closure of A-V valves
Dub
Closure of semilunar valves
Between lub and dub
systole
Between dub and next lub
diastole
Where does the right atrium receive blood from?
SVC, IVC, Anterior cardiac veins, coronary sinus (SIAC)
Blood supply to SA node
Branch to SA node (off of Right coronary)
Blood supply to AV node
Branch to AV node (off of Right coronary)
Branches of right coronary artery (from proximal to distal)
1) Branch to senatorial node
2) Atrial branch
3) Right marginal branch
4) Posterior inter ventricular branch
5) Conus branch
6) Right posterolateral branch
7) Branch to atrioventricular
8) Interventricular septal branches
(BARPCRBI)
Path of Vagus nerve
Leaves medulla oblongota between pyramid and inferior cerebral peduncle, extends through jugular foramen and into the carotid sheath (between internal carotid artery in internal jugular vein).
Path of referred cardiac pain
ischemia, accumulation of metabolic products > pain endings in the myocardium stimulated > T1 - T4, T5
Ligament between the pulmonary trunk and inferior side of base of aorta
ligamentum arteriosum
Where is the area of auscultation for the pulmonary valve?
Between 2nd and 3rd costal cartilages on left side. 2 - 3 centimeters from border of sternum
Where is the area of auscultation for the aortic valve?
ICS2 - 2, 3 cm to the left of midline
Where is the area of auscultation for the tricuspid valve?
ICS2 - 3, 4 cm to the left of midline
Where is the area of auscultation for the bicuspid valve (mitral)?
ICS5 - 5 cm to the left of midline
SURFACE PROJECTION: Base of heart
T6 - T9, mostly left atrium
SURFACE PROJECTION: Apex
ICS5 - 10 cm to the left of midline
SURFACE PROJECTION: Diaphragmatic surface
Inferior portion of heart, rests on diaphragm, formed by both right and left ventricles
