Anatomy Flashcards
What is/are the anterolateral boundary of the perineum?
Inferior pubic rami and ischial rami
What is/are the inferior boundary of the perineum?
Sacrum and coccyx
This is a fibro fatty cushion which when divides, forms and joins the labia _______ together
Mons pubis - L. Majora
The labia majora is homologous to that of the structure in males?
Scrotum
What ligament is attached to the labia majora?
Round ligament
Hematoma caused bu trauma usually occurs in the labia majora. Give two causes of injury
Straddle injury and deep laceration (breech and forceps delivery that is not properly repaired.
Which of the two labias contain hair?
Labia majora
TRUE or FALSE: both the labia majora and minora contains sweat and sebaceous glands.
FALSE. Labia minora only sebaceous glands
Which of the two labias are more sensitive due to numerous nerve endings?
Labia minira
The labia minora is homologous to that part of the male?
Penile urethra
The labia minira is divide into two parts. What is the superior and inf parts?
Superior: Prepuce and frenulum
Inferior: Fourchette
What do you call the condition where the labias fused together?
Labial Agglutination
What factors influence labial agglutination?
Low estrogens or infection
What gland is usually located at 5-7 o’clock?
Bartholin’s
What separates the outer portion from the pelvic cavity?
Pelvic Diaphraghm
What are the five different types of hymen?
Annular, septate, cribeiform, imperforate, parous introitus
Which type of hymen is bouncy upon palpation?
Imperforate hymen
What three important evidences should be seen in patients that are sexually abused other than the physical apperance of the hymen?
Vagina is edematous, erythematous, and bloody
This is a condition wherein the urethra is enlarged and erythematous.
Urethral prolapse
What are the only three functions of the vagina?
- Sexual intercourse
- Menstrual flow
- Labor during normal delivery
What embryological structures meet and fuse to form the vagina?
Mullerian tubercle and urogenital sinus
There are 4 fornices in the vaginal vault. Name these 4. Which of these 4 fronices has the most clinical importance?
Posterior, Anterior and 2 lateral
Posterior fornix (have an immediate access to the peritoneal cavity)
What structure covers the upper posterior vaginal wall?
Cul de sac / Pouch pf Douglas
What kind of disease shows white, cheese like discharge in the cervix?
Candidiasis
What is the other term for mons pubis?
Monsveneris
What septa separates the vagina from the bladder anteriorly?
Vesicovaginal septum
Whatstructure separates the vagina from rectum posteriorly?
Rectovaginal septum
What is the most probable structure that is damaged during normal child delivery?
External anal sphincter
The anterior triangle is a remnant of what embryogenical structure?
Urogenital Triangle = from urogenital sinus
What type of episiotomy predisposes a pt to rectovaginal fistulas?
Medial/Midline episiotomy
This is an irregular fibromuscular mass between the anal canal and perineal membrane
Perineal body
This structure is a sling of muscle that gives support to the abdmonial organs.
Pelvic diaphragm/floor
What nerve innervates the pelvic floor?
S2-S4 Pudendal Nerve
What are the three components of the levator ani?
Pubococcygeus
Pubirectalis
Iliococcygeus
What is the central tendon of the perineum?
Perineal body
This structure is separated into true an false parts. What is this stricture and what separates it?
Pelvic cavity - Linea Terminalis
There are two apertures in the pelvis. Which of these two is the inferior and superior pelvic aperture, respectively
Pelvic outlet and inlet
Which of the two parts pf the pelvis contains the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes?
True Pelvis / Pelvis Minor
What is the inferior boundary of the pelvis minor?
Pelvic diaphragm
What is the posterolateral boudary of the greater pelvis?
Iliac fossa
The fallopian tube is divided into 4 parts. Name all
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Interstitium
What is the body:cervix ratio in an adult?
2:1
The uterus is derived from the fusion of what embryological structure?
Mullerian Ducts
What is the most significant area in the cervix where neoplasia is most likely to occur?
Squanocolumnar jxn
TRUE or FALSE: The isthmus and the lower uterine segment are different structures.
FALSE. ISTHMUS-non pregnant LOWER UTERINE SEGMENT-pregnant
What Mullerian abnormalities causes principal deformities? (4)
Agenesis of both ducts
Unilateral maturation of one mullerian duct
Absent/faulty modline fusion of the ducts
Defective canalization
Class I anomaly may affect what structure/s?
Vagina, cervix, uterus, and/or fallopian tubes
Uterine didelphies are classified under what class?
Class III
In a bicornuate uterus, there is an increased risk for miscarriage, preterm birth and malpresentation. This anomaly is usually caused by?
Lack of fundal fusion
This is a mild deviation from the normally developed uterus
Arcuate Uterus
This ovarian ligament connects the ovary to the uterus
Uteroovarian ligament
What ligament connects the ovary to the pelvic side wall?
Suspensory ligament
What structure connects the uterus with the pelvic side wall?
Round ligament
What is the most important ligament which supports the internal organs?
Cardinal/Mackenrodt Ligament
What is the main blood supply of the uterus, vagina and fallopian tubes and ovaries? This branches from?
Uterine artery from hypogastric artery
The uterine arteries are from what division of the internal iliac artery?
Anterior division
