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Module 3: CPR by WK > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

Provide familiarity with the vocabulary and general descriptions of Anatomy related to the Cardio Pulmonary and Renal module

1
Q

Costal Margin

A

The junction of the ribs and abdomen

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2
Q

infrasternal angle

A

The angle between the right and left Costal margin as it proceeds away from the Xiphisternal Joint

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3
Q

midsternal line (anterior median line)

A

Right down the middle in the Sagittal Plane

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4
Q

midclavicular line

A

A sagittal plane that divides the clavical in half

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5
Q

anterior axillary line

A

A line running from the anterior portion of the arm and the most anterior portion of the side of the chest

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6
Q

posterior axillary line

A

A line running from the posterior of the axilla along the posterior side of the body.

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7
Q

Manubrium

A

upper portion f the sternum, at the level of the T3 and T4 vertebrae, with the jugular notch superior, and the sternal angle inferior

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8
Q

Body of the sternum (gladiolus)

A

The main length of the sternum from Manubrium to Xiphoid process

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9
Q

Jugular/sternal notch

A

Notch in the superior surface of the manubrium

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10
Q

xiphoid process

A

The inferior portion of the sternum, the depression above the xiphoid process is called the epigastric fossa

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11
Q

Sternal Angle

A

aka Angle of Louis, is the site of the manubriosternal joint. This is an Important Landmark

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12
Q

Pectus Excavatum

A

A caving in of the sternum at approximately the level of the xiphisternal joint.

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13
Q

External Intercostal Muscles

A

Outer most of the 3 layers runs slightly posterior to anterior between the ribs. Innervated by the intercostal nerves. Acts to elevate the ribs during inspiration

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14
Q

internal intercostal muscles

A

The middle of three layers running between the ribs in a slightly anterior to posterior direction, often only between the midsternal and midclavicular lines. innervated by the intercostal nerves and active during forced respiration. Note that these form the external border for the intercostal neurovasculature.

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15
Q

Innermost intercostal muscles

A

the innermost of 3 layers, acting in the same capacity of the internal intercostal muscles. Note the these form the internal border for the intercostal neurovasculature

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16
Q

Transversus Thoracis muscles

A

Attaches the posterior surface of the sternum to the Internal surface of the costal cartilages, innervated by the intercostal nerves, Weakly depresses ribs. Maybe involved in proprioception.

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17
Q

Diaphragm

A

Separates the thorax and abdomen. Innervated by the phrenic nerve, the muscle is vital for respiration, expanding the plural cavity.

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18
Q

Mediastinum

A

The central compartment of the thoracic cavity. Covered on each side by the mediastinal pleura and contains all thoracic vicera except the lungs

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19
Q

What are the three main features of the right lung

A

three lobes, oblique fissure, and horizontal fissure

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20
Q

What are the four main features of the left lung

A

Two lobes, oblique fissure, lingula and cardiac notch

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21
Q

Describe the main, lobar and segmental bronchi to each lung

A

Two lobar bronchi on the left (Superior, Inferior) and three on the right (Superior, Middle, Inferior). Ten Segmental bronchi on the right, eight on the left.

22
Q

How is it that the lungs have a “dual aterial supply”? What does the second set do? Describe it?

A

In addition to the classic pulmunary arteries and veins which exchanges gasses for the rest of the body, the lungs also require nutrients, which are delivered by the bronchial arteries, two on the left and one on the right.

23
Q

Describe pleural pain and pleuritis.

A

While the lung tissue itself is not sensative to pain, the parietal pleaura is richly supplied by the intercostal and phrenic nerves. This means that irriation can cause local or refered pain.

24
Q

Name the divisions and contents of the Mediastinum

A

THe mediatinum is the central compartment for the throacic cavity. As opposed to our cadavers, it is hightly mobile when live.

For descriptive purposes is can be divided into Superior, middle and inferior portions

The Middle mediastinum includes the Pericardium, Heart and Great Vessel roots,

25
Q

Name the pathway and branches off the right coronary artery.

A

Branches in order as the artery moves down the Coronary Sulcas

  1. Sinatrial nodal branch
  2. Right Marginal Branch
  3. Atrioventricular nodal branch (at the crux)

in Right Dominance

  1. Posterior interventricular branch

In total supplies, Right Atrium, most of R Ventricle, part of L Ventricle, part of IV Septum, the SA and AV nodes in 70% of people.

26
Q

Describe the position and relationship of the coronary veins

A

The Great cardiac veing moves from the left anterior midportion, over the left anteior superior border and crosses from left to right to join the Coronary sinus.

The middle cardiac vein follows a mirror in the transvers, moving from left anterior posterior around the base of the ventricles and up to the cornary sinus.

the small cardiac originates on the right anterior posterior surfaces and wraps around the lateral border to the Sinus.

the Oblique vein of the atria feed directly to the Sinus from the Posterior superior regions.

27
Q

Define Cardiac Tamponade

A

Effusion within in the pericardium. Effectively “compression of the heart”

Hemopericardium - blood in the paricadium is associated with distended veins in the face and neck.

28
Q

What arteries supply the SA and AV nodes?

A

SA is right coronary in 60%

AV is right in 80%

29
Q

What are the branches of the Aorta

A

Ascending

  1. Right and left cornary

Arch

  1. Brachiocephalic
  2. Left Common Carotid
  3. Left subclavian

Descending

  1. Posterior intercostal
  2. Subcostal
  3. Phrenic
  4. Visceral
30
Q

What are the openings in the diaphram?

A

The Caval opening for the IVC - some phrenic nerve and lymph here,

The Esophageal hiatus - also carries the vagal trunks

The aortic hiatus

Psoas Major gaps.

small Stenocostal triangles

31
Q

What muscles are in the right upper quadrant

A

Right lobe of the liver

Gallbladder,

Stomach : Pylorus

Duodenum

Pancreas: Head

Right Suprarenal gland

Right Kidney

Right Colic Flexure

Ascending colon: superior part

Transverse colon: right half

32
Q

What is in the Left upper Quadrant

A

The Liver: Left lobe

Spleen

Stomach

Jejunum

Pancreas

Left Kidney

Left suprarenal gland

Left colic Flexure

Transverse colon: left half

Descending colon: superior part.

33
Q

What is the linea alba

A

Runs vertically the length of the anterior abdominal wall, separating the rectus sheaths. It transmits small vessles and nerves to the skin. Contains the umbilical ring.

34
Q

What is the Umbilicus

A

A defect in the linea alba through which the fetal umbilical cord and placenta passed. All lyaers of the anterolateral abdominal wall fuse here.

At the level between L3 and L4, and is at the level of the T10 Dermatome

35
Q

what are the linia semilunares

A

Slightly curved lines that extend from the inferior costal margin to the pubid tubercles. (outline the abs)

they are parallel with the edges of the rectus heath

36
Q

what is the pubic symphysis

A

The cartilaginous join that unites the pubic bones at the end of the linea alba.

37
Q

What is the Pubic Tubercle?

A

The medial ends of the inguinal ligament, which are joined together by the pubic symphysis.

38
Q

What is the iliac crest?

A

The iliac crest is the boney prominence of the hip that runs posteriorly from the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (asis)

39
Q

What are the layers of the abdominal wall

A

From superficial to deep

The superficial fatty layer (camper’s fascia)

the deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia)

muscles

The transversalis fascia

Extraperitoneal fat

Parietal Peritoneum

40
Q

What are the two types of inguinal hernias?

A

Direct and Indirect, with Indirect being twice as common.

Idirect comes from a persisting processus vaginalis. presses out through the sperficial inguinal right from within the spermatic cord. Common to pass into the scrotum

Direct, exits through the peritoneum and transcersalis fascia through the superficial inguinal ring lateral to the spermatic cord, rarely enters scrotum.

41
Q

Describe the innervation and fuction of the external oblique

A

Innervated by the thoracoabdominal nerves and subcostal nerve, acts to rotate and flex the trunk

42
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the internal oblique

A

innervated by the thoracoabdominal nerves and first lumbar, It serves to compress and support the abdominal viscera, it also flexes and rotates the trunk

43
Q

Describe the innervation and action of the transversus abdominis

A

Also innervated by the thracoabdominal nerve and the first lumbar nerves. Used fully to support and compresss the abdominal viscera.

44
Q

Rectus abdominis

Describe its innervation and action

A

innervated by the thoracoabdominal nerves, responsible for flexing the trun and compressing the abdominall viscera.

45
Q

Describe the neurovascular supply to the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

Nerves

Thoracoabdominal - The muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall.

Subcostal: Muscles of the anterolateral wall, and skin superior to the iliac crest, inferior to the umbilicus

iliohypogastric - Skin over the iliac crest, the internal oblique and the transversus adominis

ilioinguinal - Skin of the lower inguinal region and anterior scrotum and medial thigh

46
Q

Describe the:

Lesser omentum and it’s hepatoduodenal ligament, hepatogastric ligament

Greater omentum

Falciform ligament

Round ligament

A

The lesser omentum connects inferior portion of the liver to the superior stomach/duodenum, with the two ligaments describing the connections between the organs

The Great Omentum descends from the greater curvature of the stomach, connects to the transverse colon and decends over the small intestine.

The Falciform ligament runs along the medialsternal plane and attached to the liver on the right side

The Round ligament composes the bottom of the falciform ligament and runs between the lobes of the liver

47
Q

What is the other name for, and describe the Foramen of Winslow

A

The omental foramen is a small window in the lesser omentum, to the right of the gall bladder that allows access to the portal triad of the liver

48
Q

What is the right paracolic gutter?

A

The space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum on the right side of the boody,

49
Q

What is Morrison’s pouch

A

the hepatorenal recess is the area between the right kidney and liver which can fill with blood in the event of trauma, and is a key exam area on the FAST exam.

50
Q

Name the Branches of the Abdominal Aorta and their main tributaries in decending order.

Hint, 10 main,

A
  1. Inferior phrenic
  2. Celiac Trunk
    • Common hepatic
      • Proper Hepatic
      • Right Gastric
      • Gastroduodenal
      • Right Gastro-omental
    • Left Gastric
    • Splenic
      • Left Gastro Omental
  3. Middle Suprarenal Arteries
  4. Superior Mesenteric Artery
    • Middle Cholic
    • Right Cholic
    • Iliocholic
  5. Renal Arteries
    • Lower Suprarenal Arteries
  6. Testicular Arteries
  7. Inferior Mesenteric Artery
    • Left Colic
    • Sigmoidal (3)
    • Superior Rectal
  8. Common Iliac arteries
  9. Internal Illiac arteries
  10. External Iliac Arteries.

Module 3: CPR by WK (8 decks)

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