Anatomy

Question 1

What are a few key differences between the male and female pelvis?

Answer 1

Female:

• Gynecoid outlet
• Smaller obturator foramen
• Oval shaped acetabulum

Male:
-Android outlet

Question 2

What are the 3 retroperitoneal pouches/fossae of the male?

Answer 2

• Paravesical fossae
• Rectovesical pouch
• Pararectal fossae

Question 3

What are the 5 retroperitoneal pouches/fossae of the female?

Answer 3

• Paravesical fossae
• Vesicouterine pouch
• Rectouterine pouch
• Pararectal fossae
• Broad L. of the Uterus

Question 4

What are the three parts of the broad L. of the uterus?

Answer 4

Mesovarium (ovary)
Mesosalpinx (tube)
Mesometrium (uterus)

Question 5

TQ
Female membranous pelvic fascia is either visceral or parietal.
What are the 2 key parietal fascias and what do they contain?

Answer 5

• Obturator fascia (lines inside of obturator internus)

- Tendinous Arch of Pelvic Fascia (uterosacral ligament)

Question 6

Female endopelvic fascia is either loose areolar fascia (fat) or condensed fascia.

What does the condensed fascia form?

Answer 6

Hypograstric sheath

Question 7

TQ
The female hypogastric sheath (condensed endopelvic fascia) has three parts (urinary bladder, rectum, and uterus). What is the uteral portion called?

Answer 7

The middle lamina of the hypogastric sheath AKA

Transverse cervical ligament (cardinal L.)

Question 8

Perineal fascia:

What is the separation between the pelvis and the perineum?

Answer 8

Pelvic diaphragm (Levator ani m. and Coccygeus m.)

Note: penis and scrotum are superficial fascia

Question 9

Superficial perineal mm.:
Ischiocavernosus in the male assoc w/ crura of penis, female crura of clitoris

Bulbospongiosus assoc w/ what in each sex?

Superficial transverse pernieal m.

Answer 9

Bulbospongiosus assoc w/:
Male-Bulb of the penis
Female-Bulbs of the vestibule

Question 10

Deep perineal mm. (innervated by deep perineal nn.):

What comprises the urogenital diaphragm? What is difference between males and females?

Answer 10

• External urethral sphincter (dorsal n. of the penis/clitoris)
• Compressor urethrae
• Deep transverse perineal m. (females=smooth m, males=skeletal m.)

Question 11

What comprises the pelvic diaphragm (name all parts)?

Answer 11

1) Levator ani m.:
-Puborectalis m.
-Pubococcygeus m.
-Iliococcygeus m.
AND
2) Coccygeus m.

Question 12

What separates the pelvis from the abdomen?

Answer 12

The pelvic brim

• Arcuate lines of the Ilium
• Pectin pubis
• Sacral promontory

Question 13

What are the various ratios of the body of the uterus to the cervix throughout the following stages of life?
Birth
Childhood
Puberty
Pregnant
Menopause

Answer 13

Birth: 2/3 body to 1/3 cervix
Childhood: 1 body: 1 cervix
Puberty:  2/3 body to 1/3 cervix
Pregnant: 3 body to 1 cervix
Menopause: 1 body: 1 cervix

Question 14

This ligament is stretched during puberty–>pain and terminates in the labia majora

What is the embryological origin?

Answer 14

Lower gubernaculum

(upper gubernaculum–>ovarian ligament)

Note: the suspensory ligament of the ovary contains the ovarian vessels

Question 15

What type of fascia is the uterosacral ligament?

The transverse cervical ligament?

Answer 15

Uterosacral:
Parietal membranous pelvic fascia of the tendinous arch

Transverse cervical:
Condensed endopelvic fascia of the middle lamina of the hypogastric sheath

Question 16

What is the pathway from the ovary to the uterus?

Answer 16

Ovarian fimbria>>
Fimbria>>
Infundibulum of the uterine tube>>
Ampulla of the uterine tube>>
Isthmus of the uterine tube>>
Uterine part of the uterine tube (inside)

Question 17

The cervix drops into the vagina creating what structures?

Answer 17

The anterior and posterior fornices (fornix sing.)

Note: vagina=vestibule of the vagina–>cervix of the uterus

Question 18

What is the pathway of sperm as it leaves the testes?

Answer 18

Seminiferous tubules»
Epididymis (rete testis>efferent ductules>head body tail)»
Ductus deferens (part of spermatic cord)»
Ampulla of ductus deferens (meets w/ seminal vesicle)»
Ejaculatory ducts (inside prostate)»
Prostatic urethra»
Membranous urethra»
Spongy urethra (intrabulbar fossa and navicular fossa)»
External urethral orifice

SEVENUP
(seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra, penis)

Question 19

What are the fascial layers of the scrotum from outside (skin) and in ?

Answer 19

Skin»
Dartos fascia=membranous superficial fascia»
External spermatic fascia (from external abd. oblique)»
Cremasteric fascia (from internal abd. oblique)»
Internal spermatic fascia (transversalis m. fascia)»
Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis»
Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis»
Tunica albuginea

Question 20

What are the fascial layers of the penis from outside (skin) and in ?

Answer 20

Dartos fascia (membranous superficial fascia)»
Deep (Buck’s) fascia of the penis (deep perineal fascia)»
Membranonous (scarpa’s fascia)

Question 21

The corpus cavernosum of the penis contains what artery? What does the corpus cavernosum extend from?

Answer 21

Deep artery of the penis.

Right and Left crus–>corpus cavernosum
Bulb of penis–>corpus spongiosum

Question 22

Contents of spermatic cord?

Answer 22

• Ductus deferens
• Testicular a.
• Pampiniform plexus of veins
• Ilioinguinal n.
• Genital branch of genitofemoral n.
• Lymphatics of testicular a.