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Anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

Long term nerve compression at the spinoglenoid notch results in

A

Infraspinatus atrophy

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1
Q

Degree of retroversion of glenoid

A

5 degrees

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2
Q

First bone in body to ossify and last to fuse.

A

Clavicle

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3
Q

When does the clavicle start to ossify? Fuse?

A

5 weeks AOG. 25 years

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4
Q

Most common musculoskeletal birth injury

A

Clavicular fracture

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5
Q

Important for superoanterior restraint in rotator cuff deficiencies. Should be preserved during debridement of painful massive rotator cuff tears that cannot be surgically repaired

A

Coracoacromial ligament

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6
Q

Shoulder internal rotators

A

Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis

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7
Q

Shoulder external rotators

A

Teres minor, infraspinatus

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12
Q

Attachment of rotator cuff muscles

A

Greater tuberosity (except subscapularis)

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13
Q

Why are posterior shoulder dislocations more common?

A

Shoulder internal rotators are stronger than external rotators

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14
Q

Describe anatomy of the brachial plexus

A

See Miller p147, Netter p 98

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15
Q

Muscle innervation of rotator cuff muscles

A

C5 and C6 of brachial plexus

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16
Q

Preganglionic brachial plexus lesions produce what deformity?

A

Medial scapular winging

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17
Q

Medial scapular winging, produced by preganglionic brachial plexus lesions, are caused by?

A

Paralysis of long thoracic nerve -> serratus anterior dysfunction

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18
Q

Spinal accessory nerve injury causes?

A

Trapezius dysfunction and scapular trapezius winging (lateral winging)

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19
Q

Trapezius dysfunction and scapular trapezius winging (lateral winging) is caused by

A

Spinal accessory nerve injury

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20
Q

Long thoracic nerve injury (c5-c7) causes

A

Serratus anterior dysfunction. Medial scapular winging.

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21
Q

Serratus anterior dysfunction, Medial scapular winging is caused by injury to?

A

Long thoracic nerve

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22
Q

Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy. Waiter’s tip.

A

Erb-Duchenne

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23
Q

Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy. Poor prognosis

A

Klumpke’s Palsy

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24
Q

Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy. C5, C6

A

Erb-Duchenne

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25
Q

Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy. Weakness of wrist flexors and i trinsic apparatus. Horner’s syndrome

A

Klumpke’s palsy

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26
Q

Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy. Flaccid arm

A

Total plexus palsy

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27
Q

Describe shoulder vasculature

A

Aorta-> left subclavian; brachiocephalic trunk -> rightsubclavian/ will become axillary artery which is divided into 3 parts based on relationship to pectoralis minor. See Miller, table 2-11, p150.

28
Q

Muscle innervation of all rotator cuff muscles

A

C5 and C6 of brachial plexus

29
Q

Nerve supply. Serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve

30
Q

Nerve supply. Rhomboid muscle

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

31
Q

Nerve supply. Supraspinatus and infraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

32
Q

Nerve supply. Teres minor

A

Axillary nerve

33
Q

Weakness results in LATERAL scapular winging

34
Q

Weakness results in MEDIAL scapular winging

A

Serratus anterior

35
Q

Can rupture off humeral insertion, results in defect in axillary fold

A

Pectoralis major

36
Q

Lighthouse to the shoulder

A

Coracoid process

37
Q

Nerve that passes through quadrangular space

A

Axillary nerve

38
Q

Nerve that passes triangular interval

A

Radial nerve

39
Q

Where do the rami of the brachial plexus exit?

A

Between anterior and medial scalene

40
Q

Latissimus dorsi. Origin

A

T7-T12, iliac crest

41
Q

Latissiumus dorsi. Insertion

A

Humerus (intertubercular groove)

42
Q

Latissiumus dorsi. Innervation

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

43
Q

Trapezius. Origin

A

C7-T12 spinous process

44
Q

Trapezius. Insertion

A

Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

45
Q

Deltoids. Origin

A

Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

46
Q

Deltoids. Innervation

A

Axillary nerve

47
Q

Serratus anterior. Origin

A

Ribs1-8 (lateral)

48
Q

Serratus anterior insertion

A

Scapula (anteromedial border)

49
Q

Serratus anterior innervation

A

Long thoracic nerve

50
Q

Paralysis of serratus anterior results in

A

Medial winging of scapula

51
Q

Blood supply of the humeral head and proximal humerus

A

Anterior humeral circumflex artery

52
Q

Nerve injury commonly associated with shoulder fractures

A

Axillary nerve injury. Innervates deltoids and teres minor

57
Q

Fulcrum for lateral movement pf the arm

58
Q

Muscles connecting upper limb to vertebral column

A

Trapezius
Lats
Both rhomboids
Levator scapulae

59
Q

Muscles connecting upper limb to thoracic wall

A

Pecs
Subclavius
Serratus anterior

60
Q

Muscles acting on shoulder joint itself

A

Deltoid
Teres major
Four rotator cuff muscles

61
Q

Injury to what nerve will cause medial scapular winging

A

Long thoracic nerve

62
Q

Injury to what nerve will cause lateral scapular winging

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

63
Q

Medial scapular winging muscle involved

A

Serratus anterior

64
Q

Muscle involved. Lateral scapular winging

65
Q

At risk during mid shaft clavicular fractures

A

Brachial plexus

Shoulder (5 decks)

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