anatomy 2

Question 1

Iliopsoas

Answer 1

origin: transverser processes of L2-L3, vertebral ends of last 2 ribs, and sacropelvic part of the ilium.
insertion: lesser trochanter
nerve: ventral branches of spinal nerves
action: flexor and supinator of hip, flexes lumbar column

Question 2

tensor fascia latae

Answer 2

origin: tuber coxae
insertion: fascia lata
nerve: cranial gluteal
action: flexes hip, extends stifle, protracts pelvic limb

Question 3

superficial gluteus

Answer 3

origin: sacrum, Cd1 vertebra, sacrotuberous ligament
insertion: third trochanter
nerve: caudal gluteal
action: extension

Question 4

middle gluteus

Answer 4

origin: gluteal surface and wing of the ilium
insertion: greater trochanter
nerve: cranial gluteal
action: extension of the hip, abduction of limb

Question 5

deep gluteus

Answer 5

origin: gluteal surface of ilium
insertion: greater trochanter
nerve: cranial gluteal
action: extension of hip, abduction of limb

Question 6

piriformis

Answer 6

origin: sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
insertion: greater trochanter
nerve: caudal gluteal
action: extension of hip, abduction of limb

Question 7

gemelli

Answer 7

origin: lesser ischiatic notch
insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur
nerve: sciatic
action: supinator, rotates femur outward

Question 8

internal obturator

Answer 8

origin: intrapelvic borders surrounding obturator foramen.
insertion: trochanteric fossa of the femur
nerve: sciatic
action: abductor, rotates femur outward

Question 9

external obturator

Answer 9

origin: outer margins of obturator foramen.
insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur
nerve: obturator
action: supinator of the femur, adductor of the pelvic limb

Question 10

sartorius

Answer 10

origin: cranial belly= iliac crest; caudal belly= tuber coxae
insertion: patella via fascia, cranial border of the tibia
nerve: femoral
action: extensor of the stifle, flexor of the stifle (caudal), and flexor of the hip

Question 11

quadriceps femoris= vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris

Answer 11

origin: femur= craniomedial, femur= craniomedial, femur=craniolateral, ilium= cranial to the acetabulum.
insertion: tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
nerve: femoral
action: extension of the stifle, flexion of the hip.

Question 12

biceps femoris

Answer 12

origin: ischiatic tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament
insertion: patellar ligament, cranial border of the tibia, calcanean tuberosity.
nerve: caudal gluteal, sciatic, tibial
action: extensor of the hip and stifle, flexor of the stifle, extensor of the tarsus, and abductor of the limb.

Question 13

abductor cruris caudalis

Answer 13

origin: sacrotuberous ligament
insertion: crural fascia
nerve: sciatic
action: abductor

Question 14

semitendinosus

Answer 14

origin: ischiatic tuberosity
insertion: tibia- proximomedial surface, calcanean tuberosity
nerve: tibial
action: extensor of the hip joint, flexor of the stifle, extensor of the tarsus,

Question 15

semimembranosus

Answer 15

origin: ischiatic tuberosity
insertion: medial condyle of the femur and tibia
nerve: tibial
action: extensor of the hip and flexor of the stifle.

Question 16

gracilis

Answer 16

origin: pelvic symphysis
insertion: cranial tibial border, calcanean tuberosity
nerve: obturator
action: adductor, extension of the stifle

Question 17

pectineus

Answer 17

origin: iliopubic eminence
insertion: medial lip of the femur
nerve: obturator
action: adduction

Question 18

adductor magnus and adductor brevis

Answer 18

origin: pelvic symphysis/ventral pubic tubercle
insertion: lateral lip of the femur/proximal femur
nerve: obturator
action: adduction

Question 19

quadratus femoris

Answer 19

origin: ventromedial to the ischiatic tuberosity
insertion: distal to the trochanteric fossa of the femur
nerve: sciatic
action: supinator of the femur, extensor of the hip

Question 20

cranial tibial

Answer 20

origin: lateral aspect of cranial border of the tibia
insertion: base of Mt 1, 2 and the plantar surface
nerve: deep fibular
action: flex the tarsus and supinate the pes

Question 21

long digital extensor

Answer 21

origin: lateral epicondyle of the femur
insertion: distal phalanx of each digit
nerve: deep fibular
action: extensor of the digits and flexor of the tarsus

Question 22

fibularis longus

Answer 22

origin: lateral condyle of the tibia, head of the fibula
insertion: extensor process of the distal phalanx, digit 5
nerve: deep fibular
action: flexor of the tarsus, pronator of the pes

Question 23

lateral digital extensor

Answer 23

origin: proximal fibula, lateral collateral ligament fo the stifle
insertion: extensor process of distal phalanx, digit 5
nerve: superficial fibular
action: extensor of digit 5

Question 24

fibularis brevis

Answer 24

origin: distal surface of the fibula
insertion: base of Mt. 5
nerve: superficial fibular
action: flexor of the tarsus

Question 25

gastrocnemius

Answer 25

origin: lateral and medial supracondylar tuberosities of the femur
insertion: calcanean tuberosity
nerve: tibial
action: extensor of the tarsus, flexor of the stifle

Question 26

SDF

Answer 26

origin: lateral supracondylar tuberosity of the femur
insertion: plantar aspect of the middle phalanges of digits II-V
nerve: tibial
action: extensor of the tarsus, flexor of the digits

Question 27

DDF

Answer 27

origin: proximocaudal surface of the tibia and fibula
insertion: plantar aspect of distal phalanges of digits II-V
nerve: tibial
action: extensor of the tarsus, flexor of the digits

Question 28

popliteus

Answer 28

origin: lateral condyle of the femur
insertion: proximomedial aspect of the tibia
nerve: tibial
action: flexor of the stifle, pronator of the distal limb

Question 29

interossei

Answer 29

origin: plantar proximal aspect of Mt 2-5
insertion: P1 of digits 2-5
nerve: tibial
action: flexors of metotarso-phalangeal joints

Question 30

extensor digitorum brevis

Answer 30

origin: distal surface of the tarsus
insertion: dorsal surface of the proximal phalanges of digits II-V
nerve: fibular
action: extensor of the metotarso-phalangeal joints