Anatomy 1E Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
Which of the following cells synthesizes the collagen fibers in dense connective tissue
A
Fibroblast
2
Q
Which is the structure of a salivary gland?
A
Compound tuboloacinar gland
3
Q
In which of the following types of epithelium do all cells contact the basement membrane but not all reach the surface?
A
Pseudostratified columnar
4
Q
Wich type of secretory cell are most common in mucous membranes?
A
Globet cells
5
Q
Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid?
A
To protect cavities which open directly to the exterior
6
Q
The keratinocytes …
A
produce two types of vesicles: keratohyalin granules and melanosomes.
7
Q
the sebaceous glands…
A
release the sebum by a holocrine mechanism
8
Q
The synthesis of vitamin D that begins in the epidermis of the skin promotes
A
calcium absorption
9
Q
The reticular parts of the dermis
A
is formed by reticular connective tissue
10
Q
Indicate the INCORRECT match between function of skin and involved structure
A
Protein against UV lights - vitamin D
11
Q
From which part or structure of the hair does hair regeneration take place
A
from the hair bulb
12
Q
When the ambient temperature rises and we feel hot, it produces
A
Vasodilation of the superficial vascular network of the dermis
13
Q
Which number in figure 5 of the annex shows where this bone articulates with the sternum?
A
D. 4 (osso con tutte le lettere)
14
Q
Which bone does the odontoid process belong to
A
Axis
15
Q
Regarding cartilaginous tissue, which of the following statements is CORRECT
A
Embryo skeleton is made up by fibrocartilage
16
Q
Which blood vessel does supply the red bone marrow and the compact bbone of the diaphysis
A
nutrient artery
17
Q
Regarding ‘joint types’, ‘example of joint’ and ‘joint tissue’, which of the following relationship is CORRECT
A
Cartilaginous - Synchondrosis - Hyaline cartilage
18
Q
Which of the following joints undergoes a process of synostosis
A
All of them
19
Q
Which of the following types of cartilage DO NEVER present perichondrium
A
Fibrocartilage
20
Q
Wich cell line do agranulocytes originate from
A
Both lymphoid and myeloid
21
Q
Which of the following is essential for the coagulation cascade to take place
A
Calcium (Ca2+)
22
Q
Which of the following is the first molecule that makes possible to platelet adhesion to collagen fibers
A
Glycoprotein Ib/IX/V
23
Q
About erythrocytes, it is TRUE that
A
Haemoglobin trasports CO2 bound to HEME group
24
Q
Based on your knowledge of the cells of the immune system, which of the following could be cause of a particular allergic reaction
A
High basophil count
25
Which of the following IS a blood tissue feature
It has a slightly alkaline pH
26
What is TRUE about Thrombine
all are true
27
In homeostasis, fluid compartments in our body have:
Same osmolarity, different composition
28
It is FALSE that
Mesogastrium is located in the pelvic cavity
29
A myeloid stem cell trasforms into several reticulocytes, which can no longer divide. This is an example of
DIfferentation
30
Which of the following planes does correspond to the one shown in figure
Frontal
31
In anatomical position, which of the following statements regarding bbody regiond is CORRECT
The vertebral region is medial to the acromial region
32
The tissue that forms the stroma of certain organs, such as the spleen, is mainly composed of
Reticular fibers
33
Indicate this type of connective tissue in Figure 2
Loose reticular
34
What is correct for the epithelial basement membrane?
It has an acelullar composition
35
Which of the following tissues are divided from mesoderm
All of the above
36
Which embryological layer does the hard palate derive from?
From all the previous
37
Indicate the CORRECT match between types of connective tissue proper and location
Elastic - wall of large arteries
38
Which of the following types of tissue protects and supports the body and its organs
Connective tissue
39
Which of the following glycosaminoglycans does NOT form part of the proteoglycans?
Hyaluronic acid
40
Choose the WRONG sentence:
Adrenaline activates cholinergic receptors
41
Choose the WRONG sentence
Iron is stored in the liver (bound to transferrin)
42
Choose the RIGHT sentence
After a lesion in a blood vessel, the smooth muscle that surrounds it will contract to avoid excessive loss of blood
43
Choose the WRONG sentence: An alteration in the extrinsic pathway of coagulation may be due to:
Altered levels of Factors XII
44
Find the WORNG sentence
Once the threshold potential has been reached, a negative feedback loop takes place impeding tyhe complete depolarization of the neuron
45
A girl is bitten by a scorpion and the toxin of the venom inhibits the opening of a voltage-gated sodium channels. What my happen in the membrane of her neurons
Repolarization will be inhibited
46
The deepest meninx that is located in direct contact with the nervous tissue is
Pia mater
47
In a cell with permeability to more than one ion, the value of the membrane potential will be
closer to the equilibrium potential of the most permeable ion
48
The main extensor of the ankle (plantar flexion) is
Gastrocnemius
49
Choose the muscle responsible for the extension of the thigh at the hip joint and flexion of the knee
adductor magnus
50
If we perform a biopsy of the muscular tissue of the quadriceps femoris in a marathon runner, which of the following aspects will NOT be found
Low content of mitochondria
51
Indicate the wrong sentence
if we are not capable of hearing, the cranial pair IV has been damaged
52
Choose the Right sentence
Transmission of information is unidirectional in electrical synapses
53
Indicate the WRONG sentence with respect to the formation of red blood cells
Erythropoietin is a protein that trasforms the reticulocyte into erythrocytes
54
When a waiter holds a tray with several drinks, what kind of muscolar contraction is the biceps femoris experiecing
Isometric contraction
55
Choose the right sentence about hemoglobine
The globins are the polypeptide chains
56
The most abbundant passive channels in the membrane of an excitable cell are
K+ channels
57
Choose the right sentence. During the hyperpolarization phase of the action potential:
K+ is still moving towards the outside of the cell, and therefore, the membrane potential is more negative than the resting membrane potential
58
Choose the structure that does NOT belong to the brain stem
Hippocampus
59
The vermix is a structure that is located in
Cerebellum
60
Breathing control takes place in the following areas of the nervous system
Medulla oblongata, pons, and reticular formation
61
WIth respect to the reflexes, choose the RIGHT sentence
Medullary reflexes integrate information without reaching the cerebral cortex
62
Which of the following formed elements of bblood transforms into macrophages when it migrates into the tissues?
Monocytes
63
Breathing control takes place in the following areas of the nervous system
Medulla oblongata, pons and reticular formation
64
With respect to the reflexes, choose the Right sentence
Medullary reflexes integrate information without reaching the cerebral cortex
65
Which of the following formed elements of blood transforms into macrophage when it migrates into the tissues
Monocytes
66
Choose the WRONG sentence
T lymphocytes transform into plasma cells to produce antibodies
67
Choose the period in which it is possibble for the neuron to fire a second action potential
During the relative refractory period
68
A blind patient will be able to recognize the shape and texture of a ball through the
Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway
69
In verbal expression aphasia, the patient knows what he wants to say but is not capable of doing it (and the motor area is not affected). What area of the cerebrum has been damaged
Broca's area
70
If a patient has got a splinter in the sole, the pain sensation will
Follow the lateral spinothalamic pathway
71
Which of the following formed elements of blood can be considered a "true" cell
White blood cell
72
Indicate which of the following nuclei are NOT located in the cerebrum
Red nuclei
73
Choose the RIGHT sentence
Red muscular fibers (type I) use aerobic metabolism to obtain ATP and are more resistant
74
If the graded potentials induced bby the same presynaptic neuron are fired many times in sucession, the neuron may experience
Temporal summation
75
Choose the most posterior structure from the following ones
Epithalamus or pineal gland
76
What area of the central nervous system controls our body temperature
hypothalamus
77
Choose the RIGHT sequence that corresponds to the contraction of the skeletal muscle
Acetylcholine release -> Generation of an action potential in the muscle fiber -> Opening of voltage -> gated Na+ channels in the sarcolemma -> Entry of Ca2+ from the extracellular fluid -> Contraction
78
Choose the RIGHT sentence
Parkinson's disease is associated with a loss of neurons in the substantia nigra
79
Choose the right sentence
The tracts of the second-order neurons of trhe posgterior column-medial lemniscus pathway cross over in the medulla oblongata
80
Choose the WRONG sentence
The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes
81
Choose the RIGHT sentence
The opening of K+ channels may generate an excitatory postsynaptic potential
82
In a blood test of a patient, we detect that the number of neutrophils is increased. What could we expect from this patient
The patient suffers a bacterial infection
83
Choose the RIGHT sentence
Preganglionic neurons secrete acetylcholine
84
Choose the WRONG sentence
In order to relax the muscle, two things must happen: ATP has to bind to the myosin head, and calcium has to go back to the endoplasmic reticulum
85
If we prescribe aspirin to a healthy patient after an exctraction, and we know that aspirin inhibits the synthesis of thromboxane A2, what will probably happen?
The patient will bleed more because primary hemostasis is inhibited
86
If someone falls down and hits the back of his neck at the level of the medulla oblongata
The person may die due to pulmonary arrest
86
Choose the WRONG sentence
The pons only receives nerve impulses that come from the cerebellum
87
Choose the right sentence
The pyramids are two protrusions located on the ventral side of the medulla oblongata,which contain descending tracts
88
The excitablity of a cell is possible thanks to
The presence of different concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell
89
Choose the RIGHT sentence
In the spinal cord, the soma of the first-order neuron is located in the dorsal ganglion
90
The formation of the following blood cells receives the following name
Hematopoiesis for the formation of the formed elements in the blood
91
Choose the RIght sentence with respect to tight junctions
They serve to join adjacent cells
92
The cutaneous membrane
is an epithelial membrane
93
The reticular region of the dermis
Contains areolar connective tissue
94
Which of the following factors would negatively influence bone formation
All of them have a negative impact of bone formation
95
The cutaneous membrane
IS the first barrier against physical and chemical agents and microorganisms
96
The articular movements (when looking in the frontal plane) which draw a limb away from the medial line are called
Abduction
97
Choose the false sentence
Eversion happens when the sole of the foot moves towards the medial line of the body
98
WIth respect to the axon, it is true that
It is a long and narrow columnar cytoplasmatic projection that contains microtubules and neurofilaments
99
How would you classify the epithelium of the Fallopian tubes
Simple ciliated columnar
100
A frontal shot that penetrates the abdominal cavity towards the spleen will probably leave a gunshot wound in the
Left hypochondriac region
101
The anatomical plane that runs parallel to the floor is
Transverse or horizontal
102
The resident cells of the proper connective tissue are
FIbroblasts
103
Which of the following glands is a simple branched tubular
None of them
104
Choose the right sentence
The perichondrium is a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue that covers the surface of some cartilages
105
Choose the wrong sentence
The mineralization of the ossified matrix starts with the deposition of crystals of hydroxyapatite
106
With respect to gap junction, choose the wrong sentence
The connexions of the cells joined through gap junctions are not fused
107
What structure of the hai should be damaged in order to obtain a permanent hair removal
The hair bulb
108
Choose the WRONG sentence
Feedback mechanisms regulate local responses
109
Choose the false sentence
The apical side of epithelia contains a high number of hemidesmosomes
110
Choose the right sentence with respect to tight junctions
All the sentences are true
111
The cutaneous membrane
All the sentences are correct
112
WIch of the following factors would negatively influence bone formation
All of them have a negatively impact in bobne formation
113
the cutaneous membrane
Is the first barrier against physical and chemical agents and microorganisms
114
The articular movements (in the frontal plane) which draw a limb away from the medial line are called
Abduction
115
Choose the FALSE sentence
Eversion happens when the sole of the foot moves towards the medial line of the body
116
Choose the FALSE sentence about ephitelia
The apical side of epithelia contains a high number of hemidesmosomes
117
Choose the WRONG sentence (regarding synovial membranes)
Synovial membranes enclose a buffering fluid
118
Thee most medial bone of the distal carpal row is
Capitate*
119
Choose the WRONG sentence
Transitional ephitelia present cells varying in shape depending on the stretching of organs *
120
Choose the WRONG sentence with respect to keratinocytes
They derive from the mesoderm
121
Choose the RIGHT sentence
The fibrous capsule is the most external part of the articulate capsule
122
The cuticule of the nail also receives the name of
Eponychium
123
Indicate which of the following sentences about the adipose tissue is WRONG
It is part of the red bone marrow
124
WIth respect to body fluids, choose the Right sentence
There are more proteins in the plasma than in the interstitial liquid / Intracellular and extracellular liquids are in osmotic equilibrium but not in electrical equilibrium
125
The location where you would not expect to find hyaline cartliage is
In the meniscus of the knee
126
Peroteoglycans of the goìround subbstance consist of
Proteins and polysaccharides
127
Melanocytes
Have many cytoplasmatic projections for the trasport of melanin
127
The fusion of bones that were originally separated is called
Synostosis
127
How would you classify the third metatarsal bone
long bone
128
The epidermis is renewed through cell divisions taking place in the
Stratum bbasale / stratum spinosum
129
Which of the these sentences is true about melanin
Vescicles containing melanin, called melanosomes, are transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes
130
A gland that breaks its own membrane to release the secretion products is
A holocrine gland
131
Simple glands are defined as
Glands with unbranched ducts
132
In the skin, sensory receptors that detect pressure are called
Merkel discs
133
Which of the following sets of actions is best suited to retain heat when our body temperature has gone down
vasoconsriction of the superficial vascular network of the dermis
134
Cartilage has 3 primary functions in the body. Which one of these is one of them
Serves as a model for bone growth
135
Which one of the following cells participates in bone remodelling by destroying bone matrix?
Osteoclast
136
In cartilage formation, the... are isolated or in groups and are located within spaces called
Chondrocytes / lacunae
137
Regarding bone tissue
All statements are true
138
red bone marrow can e found in ...
The epiphysis of the femur
139
Which one of the following functions is attriutetale to the fibers (collagen, reticular...) present in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue
None of those functions are related to the fibers
140
which tyoe of cartilage does not have perichondrium
Fibrocartilage
141
The mammary glands are ... glands because they lose the atypical border when they release their product, and they are... because they present more than one secretory duct associated with rounded secretory parts
Apocrine/Compound acinar
142
regarding the appositional growth of cartilage
All statements are true
143
which of the following characteristics does not correspond to hyaline cartilage
It is the least abundant
144
Regarding the spongy bone tissue, it is true that
It is organized in structural units called trabeculae
145
In a 14 years old tenageer, cartilage growth at the epiphyseal plate happens trough
Interstitial growth
146
osmosis is
the movement of water trough a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one
147
A characteristics of intermembranous ossification is that :
It requires the creatio of an ossification center from mesenhymal cells
148
Select the wrong statement from the options below
Anatomy is the science of body functions; physiology is the science of structures and the relationship among them
149
We can defined each bone of your body as an organ because
They have a define form and are composed of different types of tissue
150
Which one of the following pairing is INcorrect
Connective tissue-derives from ectoderm
151
all of the following are types of serous membbrane except
Perichondrium
152
Which would be excluded from a list of the parts of the axial skeleton
Pelvic girlde
153
Common characteristic(s) shared among cells is/are
All of the above are characteristic of cells
153
Which of the following relationship bbetween function and types of epithelium is correct
All the previous statements are correct
154
Regarding the basis vital processes, it os false that
The sum of all body's chemical processes is metabolism. (This is acutually rue, so this is a trick question:likely the statements is false because it's incorrectly stated or taken out of context)
155
Regarding homeostasis, it is true that
when the internal equilibrium is lost, a lack of compensation leads to disease
155
If you explain to your classmates what it means that body fluids have the same osmolarity, you would say it means that
The concentration of solutes is the same
155
Select the wrong statement from the options below
Anatomy is the science of body functions; physiology is the science of structures and the relationships among them
156
Negative feedback mechanisms are
All previous statements are coorect
157
Choose the wrong answer
The vertebral spinous processes are ventrally located
158
Which of the following is not a function that could be attributabble to a transitory cell in connective tissue?
Synthesis of collagen
159
The heart is found in the ... cavity
thoracic
160
In a saggital section you can label the following coordinates
Superior/inferior/anterior/posterior
161
Which of these sentences is false about the basement membrane
Basal lamina is secreted by underlying connective tissue cells
162
Indicate which is the true statemnts regarding the epithelial tissue
It lacks blood vessels
163
Select the correct structure-function relationhsip
Ciliated epithelium.movement of mucus
164
EPITHELIAIL TISSUE derives from the following embryonic layer
ALl the abovr answers are correct
165
Even though it is temporary, what type of joint is an epiphyseal plate
Synchondrosis
166
In what type of joint is the root of tooth attached to a periodontal ligament and held into a socket
Gomphosis
167
The wrist consist of... bobnes, whereas the ankle conists of ... bones
8 carpal, 7 tarsal
167
The mucous connective tissue is found in
The umbilical cord
168
Which would be excluded from a list of the parts of the axial skeleton?
Pelvic girdle (non fa parte dello scheletro assiale, ma di quello appendicolare)
169
Which of the following relationship between function and types of epithelium is correct?
All the previous statements are correct
170
Common characteristic(s) shared among cell is/are
All of the above are characteristics of cells
171
Select the wrong statement from the option below
Anatomy is the science of body functions; physiology is the science of structures and the relationships among them (è il contrario, l'anatomia studia le strutture, la fisiologia le funzioni)
172
We can define each bone of your bbody as an organ because
They have a definite form and are composed of different types of tissue
173
Regarding the basic vital processes, it is false that
Only living organisms are able to perform them (è vero che solo gli organismi viventi eseguono questi processi, quindi questa affermazione è vera, ma quella falsa tra le opzioni è: Only endocrinne system is important... ma non è tra le risposte quindi la domanda potrebbe essere sbagliata)
174
Regarding homeostasis it is true that
When the internal equilibrium is lost, a lack of compensation leads to disease
175
If you explain to your classmates what it means that body fluids have the same osmolarity, you would say it means that
The chemical nature of the substances present in the fluids is the same
176
Negative feedback mechanisms are
All previous statements are correct
177
Choose the wrong answer
The vertebral spinous processes are ventrally located (sono dorsalmente localizzati, quindi questa è falsa)
178
Which of the following is not a function that could be attributable to a transitory cell in a connective tissue
Synthesis od collagen (è compito delle cellulle fisse come i fibroblasti)
179
The heart is found inn the. .. cavity
thoracic
180
In a sagittal section you can label the following coordinates:
Superior/inferior/anterior/posterior
181
Which of these sentences is false about the basement membrane?
Basal lamina is secreted by underlying connective tissue cells (è secreta dalle cellule epiteliali, onn connettive)
182
Indicate which is the true statements regarding the epithelial tissue
It lacks blood vessels
183
Select the correct structure-function relationship
Ciliated epithelium-movements of mucus
184
Epithelial tissue derives the following embryonic layer
All the above answer are correct
185
In what type of joint is the root of tooth attached to a periodontal ligament and held into a socket
Gomphosis
186
Even though is temporary, what type of joints is an epiphyseal plate?
Synchondrosis
187
The wrist consists of ... bones, wherease the ankle consists of ... bones
8 carpal, 7 tarsal
188
The mucous connective tissue is found in
The umbilical cord
189
The epidermis is renewed through cell divisions taking place in the ... and presents keratohyalin granules in the
Stratum basale / stratum granulosum
190
Which of these statements is true about the skin
The hypodermis contains collagen and elastic fibers that give the skin its strength and elasticity
191
Which of these statements is true about the skin
The hypodermis contains collagen and elastic fibers that give the skin its strength and elasticity
192
Which of these sentences is true about melanin
It protects the skin from cold and heat damage
193
A gland that breaks its own membrane to release the secretion product is
holocrine gland
194
Simple glands are defined as
glands with unbranched ducts
195
In the skin, sensory receptors that detect pressure are called...
merkel discs
196
Which of the following actions is best suited to retain heat when body temperature has decreased?
Vasoconstriction of the superficial vascular network of the dermis
197
Cartilage has 3 primary function. Which is one of them
Serves as a model for bone growth
198
which of the following cells participates in bone remodeling by destroying bone matrix
Osteoclasts
199
In cartilage formation, the ... are isolated or in groups and located within spaces called ...
Chondrocytes / lacunae
200
regarding bone tissue
All statements are true
201
Red bone marrow can be found in
The epiphysis of femur
202
Which of the following functions is attributable to the fibers in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue
Resistance to pathogen infection
203
Which tyoe of cartilage does not have perichondrium
Fibrocartilage
204
The mammary glands are ... glands because they lose the apical border when releasing product, and are... because they have multiple ducts with rounded secretory parts
Apocrine / compound acinar
205
Regarding the appositional growth of cartilage
All statements are true
206
Which of the following does not correspond to hyaline cartilage?
It is the least abundant
207
Regarding spongy bone tissue, it is true that... it is organized in structural units called
trabeculae
208
In a 14 years old teenager, cartilage growth at the epiphyseal plate happens through
endochondral growth
209
Osmosis is
The movement pf water through a semipermeabble membrane to a more concentraded solution
210
a characteristic of intramembrane ossification is that
it requiers the creation of an ossification center from mesenchymal cells
211
Which of the following pairings is incorrect?
Connective tissue - derives from ectoderm
212
All of the following are types of serous membbranes EXCEPT
Perichondrium
213
Which would be excluded from the axial skeleton
Pelvic girlde
214
Which of the following relationships between function and epithelium type is correct?
All the previous statements are corrects
215
COmmon characteristics shared among cells are
All of the above are characteristics of cells
216
