Anatomy

Question 1

Define flexion?

Answer 1

Decreased joint angle

Question 2

Define extension?

Answer 2

Increased joint angle

Question 3

Which two bones does the knee joint connect?

Answer 3

The femur and tibia

Question 4

What joint connects the spine and the pelvis?

Answer 4

The sacroiliac joint

Question 5

What two bones does the hip connect?

Answer 5

The femur and the pelvis

Question 6

What is muted hip function?

Answer 6

When the pelvis chases the spine, causing the hip to remain open and limiting extension.

Question 7

What movement of the body generates most of the power behind athletic capacity?

Answer 7

Powerful extension of the hip joint

Question 8

How does the relationship between the spine and pelvis typically change during functional movements?

Answer 8

Trick question, it doesn’t. Your trunk should remain tight and solid (your spine and pelvis should stay wedded) for most functional movements.

Question 9

How does the frontal plane divide the body?

Answer 9

Front and back

Question 10

How does the sagittal plane divide the body?

Answer 10

Left and right

Question 11

How does the transverse plane divide the body?

Answer 11

Top and bottom

Question 12

Is abduction movement toward or away from the midline?

Answer 12

Away from the midline

Question 13

Is adduction movement toward or away from the midline?

Answer 13

Toward the midline

Question 14

What is an example of a movement that occurs within the frontal plane?

Answer 14

Abduction or adduction of an arm or leg

Question 15

What is an example of a movement that occurs within the sagittal plane?

Answer 15

Flexion or extension of the hip or trunk

Question 16

What is an example of a movement that occurs within the transverse plane?

Answer 16

Rotation of the head or trunk

Question 17

What’s the difference between proximal and distal?

Answer 17

• Proximal = closer to the origin of a limb
• Distal = farther from the origin of a limb

Question 18

What is circumduction?

Answer 18

A combination movement that occurs in all anatomical planes. E.g. arm circle

Question 19

What’s the difference between anterior and posterior?

Answer 19

• Anterior = in front of
• Posterior = behind

Question 20

What’s the difference between medial and lateral?

Answer 20

• Medial = closer to the midline of the body
• Lateral = further from the midline of the body

Question 21

What’s the difference between superior and inferior?

Answer 21

• Superior = above or higher
• Inferior = below or lower

Question 22

What is a closed kinetic chain?

Answer 22

• A movement in which the distal end of the moving body segment is fixed e.g. air squat is a closed kinetic chain lower body movement because the feet are fixed to the floor

Question 23

What is an open kinetic chain?

Answer 23

• A movement in which the distal end of the moving body segment is free and mobile e.g. shoulder press is an open kinetic chain upper body movement because the hands are not fixed.

Question 24

An athlete standing tall moving foot away from body with leg straight is an example of hip __________?

• Abduction
• Interal Rotation
• Adduction
• External Rotation

Answer 24

Abduction

Question 25

An athlete standing tall has shoulder __________ to hip? * Distal * Proximal * Inferior * Superior

Answer 25

Superior

Question 26

Is the hip of the front leg in a pidgeon pose in internal or external rotation?

Answer 26

External Rotation

Question 27

Choose two words to complete this sentence: When returning the bar to the floor in a deadlift, the hip is ___________ in the __________ plane. * Flexing * Abducting * Sagittal * Frontal * Extending * Adducting * Transverse

Answer 27

* Flexing * Sagittal

Question 28

For these upper body movements, which are closed kinetic chain? * Handstand Push-Up * Shoulder Press * Kettlebell Swing * Push-Up

Answer 28

* Handstand Push-Up * Push-Up

Question 29

The elbow is ________ to the wrist. * Distal * Superior * Inferior * Proximal

Answer 29

* Proximal

Question 30

For an athlete standing in anatomical position, which anatomical plane does rotation of the spine such as turning your head side to side occur in?

Answer 30

Transverse plane

Question 31

For an athlete standing in anatomical position, which anatomical plane does abduction or adduction of the limbs occur in?

Answer 31

Frontal plane

Question 32

For an athlete standing in anatomical position, which anatomical plane does most flexion and extension of the limbs occur in?

Answer 32

Sagittal plane

Question 33

All of the following statements about muscle tissue are true EXCEPT: * All three types of muscle tissue are positively influenced by exercise * Smooth muscle lines the digestive tract and is voluntarily controlled * Skeletal muscle is striated and composed of bundles known as fascicles * Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart

Answer 33

False: * Smooth muscle lines the digestive tract and is voluntarily controlled

Question 34

Shock absorbing structures found within synovial joints such as the meniscus are formed by which kind of anatomical material? * Spongy cartilage * Hyaline cartilage * Elastic cartilage * Fibrocartilage

Answer 34

* Fibrocartilage

Question 35

All of the following structures are found inside every synovial joint EXCEPT: * Hyaline cartilage * A joint capsule * Fibrocartilage * A synovial membrane

Answer 35

* Fibrocartilage

Question 36

The patella is an example of a __________ bone. * Sesamoid * Flat * Irregular * Long

Answer 36

* Sesamoid

Question 37

All of the following statements about long bones are true EXCEPT: * Long bones are found in the foot and hand * Long bones serve a primary role as joint stabilizers * Long bones are longer than they are wide * Long bones create the levers responsible for human movement

Answer 37

False: * Long bones serve a primary role as joint stabilizers

Question 38

A motor unit can best be described as: * A point in the spinal cord where the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system communicate * The connection point between a motor neuron and a single muscle fiber * The point where the myosin head connects to the actin filament * A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

Answer 38

* A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 39

Which muscles most facilitate midline stabilization?

Answer 39

* Abdominals (“abs”) * Internal and external oblique muscles (“obliques”) * Erector spinae (“spinal erectors” or simply “erectors”)

Question 40

Anatomically the origin point refers to: * A muscle's fixed location during a movement * A muscle's moving body segment during a movement * the ligament that supports the bone structure * the fibrous connection of one bone to another

Answer 40

* A muscle's fixed location during a movement

Question 41

The quadriceps perform which type of muscular contraction during the descent phase of any squatting movement: * concentric * isotonic * eccentric * isometric

Answer 41

* eccentric

Question 42

The primary function of the synovial membrane is: * acting as a shock absorber to decrease impact on joint cartilage * allowing movement in many different planes and axes * providing a sliding surface for the joint to move across * secreting lubricating fluid for the joint

Answer 42

* secreting lubricating fluid for the joint

Question 43

A grade III sprain is best described as: * overuse or repetitive stress resulting in inflammation of a tendon * a complete tear or rupturing of a ligament or joint capsule * a mild tearing of a ligament that causes no instability to the joint * a complete tear or rupturing of a muscle or tendon

Answer 43

* a complete tear or rupturing of a ligament or joint capsule

Question 44

The elbow is an example of a _________ joint * condyloid * hinge * ball and socket * pivot

Answer 44

* hinge

Question 45

What primary plane of motion does the barbell move in during a front squat?

Answer 45

* Frontal plane

Question 46

What primary plane of motion does an athlete move in during an air squat?

Answer 46

* Sagittal plane

Question 47

What best describes the movement of the hip joint during the concentric portion of a toes-to-bar? * Adduction * Flexion * Extension * Rotation

Answer 47

* Flexion

Question 48

What type of muscle contraction is primarily used in a plank hold? * Concentric * Isometric * Eccentric * Isotonic

Answer 48

* Isometric

Question 49

You have a client who has a lumbar spine injury resulting in pain during lumbar extension. Which movement will likely exacerbate her condition the most? * Air squat * Kipping pull-up * Hang power clean * Strict pull-up

Answer 49

* Kipping pull-up

Question 50

Are the hands pronated or supinated in a chin-up?

Answer 50

* Supinated