anatomy

Question 1

movement of ankle joint

Answer 1

• dorsiflexion (toes up)
• plantarflexion
  -eversion
  -inversion

Question 2

ankle joints

Answer 2

True Ankle Joint
Talocrural
Fibula, Tibia, Talus
Dorsi- & plantarflexion

Subtalar Joint
Talocalcaneal
Talus, Calcaneus
Eversion & Inversion

Question 3

posterior leg- superficial muscles

Answer 3

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

Common distal attachment = calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon

Common innervation = tibial nerve (S1-2)

Common action = plantarflexion (flexion) of ankle joint

Question 4

posterior leg- deep muscles

Answer 4

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

Travel medially through tarsal tunnel

Common innervation = tibial nerve (L4-S3)

Common action = inversion and weak plantarflexion (flexion)

Question 5

anterior leg muscles

Answer 5

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius

Common innervation = deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)

Common action = dorsiflexion (extension)

Additional actions of each muscle

Question 6

lateral leg muscles

Answer 6

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

Interesting distal attachments!
f. longus – medial
f. brevis – lateral

Common innervation = superficial fibular nerve (L5-S2)

Common action = eversion and weak plantarflexion

Question 7

ankle retinacula

Answer 7

3 muscular compartments = 3 groups of retinacula

flexor (side of ankle)

extensor- superior and inferior ( y-shaped)

fibular- superior and inferior

Question 8

ankle ligaments

Answer 8

Medial (Deltoid) Ligament
4 named parts

Lateral Ligament
3 named parts

Question 9

foot arches

Answer 9

Longitudinal arch
medial
lateral

Transverse arch

Arches provide shock absorption and act as springboards

plantar aponeurosis
spring ligament
short plantar ligament
long plantar ligament

Passive support = bones and ligaments

Dynamic support = muscles and tendons

Question 10

fascial compartments

Answer 10

3 compartments in the thigh

3 compartments in the leg

Thickening of fascia in thigh is iliotibial tract (IT band)

Limits the space available should any inflammation occur

Question 11

blood supply of hip

Answer 11

common iliac
external iliac
internal iliac
superior gluteal
inferior gluteal
obturator
femoral
profunda femoris
medial circumflex femoral
lateral circumflex femoral
perforating branches

Question 12

geniculate anastomosis

Answer 12

femoral
popliteal
medial superior geniculate
lateral superior geniculate
medial inferior geniculate
lateral inferior geniculate
anterior tibial
posterior tibial
fibular

Question 13

venous drainage

Answer 13

femoral
popliteal
venae comitantes
great saphenous
lesser saphenous
dorsal venous arch