ANATOMY Flashcards
1
Q
What is a characteristic of viral herpes?
A
Skin eruption
2
Q
What happens when a boxer gets hit and has a deviated septum?
A
they broke their vomer (in nose)
3
Q
Which is a structure found in the upper respiratory?
A
Pharynx
4
Q
What will a person with damage to their ulnar nerve experience?
A
Decreased sensation in the arm
5
Q
Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?
A
Hyoid
6
Q
What do endocrine glands do?
A
They secrete chemicals into the blood
7
Q
Why is diet important for bones?
A
Bones are storage places for calcium and phosphorous
8
Q
Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system?
A
Urethra
9
Q
What do ligaments connect?
A
Bone to bone
10
Q
What structure conducts urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?
A
Ureter
11
Q
What can anaerobic respiration lead to that causes a burning sensation?
A
Lactic acid
12
Q
Which type of cell is stimulated to resorb bone matrix in response to a decrease in calcium in the blood?
A
Osteoclasts
13
Q
How does sweat on the skin’s surface cool the body?
A
Through evaporation
14
Q
What should a nurse ask a vegetarian client with unusual skin color about their diet?
A
If they have eaten large amounts of carrot and squash
15
Q
What hand position describes the anatomical position of a person standing erect with feet forward?
A
Palms of the hand facing anterior
16
Q
Which structure is a ball and socket joint?
A
Shoulder
17
Q
Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus, and stapes?
A
Skull ear
18
Q
What are like cells grouped together called?
A
A tissue
19
Q
Where is the pulse point located behind the knee palpated?
A
Over the popliteal artery
20
Q
What do ceruminous glands secrete?
A
Ear wax
21
Q
What type of synovial joint is the elbow?
A
Hinge
22
Q
What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated?
A
Increased cardiac output
23
Q
Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?
A
Oral cavity
24
Q
Which structure regulates the transport of substances in and out of a cell?
A
The cell membrane
25
The mediastinum is located within which cavity?
Thoracic
26
What is the effect of serotonin, a neurotransmitter?
Involved with mood, anxiety and sleep
27
What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted?
Water is reabsorbed from the urinary filtrate
28
What is the function of the thrombocytes (platelets)?
Play role in blood clotting
29
Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris group lies on the side surface of the lower extremity?
Vastus lateralis
30
Which structure is located on the sternum?
Xiphoid process
31
The occipital region is located in which part of the body?
Head
32
Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?
Hemoglobin
33
Which gland is commonly known as the 'Master Gland'?
Pituitary Gland
34
Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures?
Ligament
35
What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?
Eccrine gland
36
Which statements are true about bone?
Osteoblast build up bone, epiphyseal is the end of bone, diaphysis is the shaft of bone
37
Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body?
Eye
38
The Malleus, Incus, and Stapes are located in which part of the body?
Ear
39
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body?
Foot
40
Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?
Pulmonary vein
41
Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning?
Temporal lobe
42
What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?
Cochlea
43
Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?
Fallopian tubes
44
Where is the tubialis anterior muscle located?
Lower leg
45
An over-production of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area?
External ear canals
46
The mitral valve is located between which two structures?
Left ventricle & Left atrium
47
The olfactory nerves are associated with which sense?
Smell
48
Which vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?
Vena cava
49
Hormone(s) is/are produced by the ovaries?
Estrogen & progesterone
50
Which plane divides the body into right and left sides?
Sagittal
51
What are the two principal divisions that make up the nervous system?
Peripheral (PNS) & Central (CNS)
52
The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What area is he describing?
Epiphysis
53
Which part of the brain attaches to the spinal cord?
Medulla oblongata
54
Which term is used to describe the movement of the arms and legs away from the midline of the body?
Abduction
55
Which structure provides a pulse reading in the neck?
Carotid Artery
56
Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?
Oxytocin
57
What is the primary function of hemoglobin (blood)?
Carry oxygen
58
What stimulates the chemoreceptors to function?
Rise in CO2; Fall in O2
59
Which condition causes a client to say 'I can't see far away'?
Nearsightedness
60
Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by which molecule?
Lactic acid
61
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Processes protein secretion, synthesizes carbohydrates and glycoproteins.
62
What organ produces insulin?
Pancreas.
63
What effects does serotonin have on neurotransmitters?
Appetite, sleep, mood.
64
Where does fertilization occur?
Oviduct.
65
Which blood vessel is used to obtain blood from the antecubital region?
Median cubital.
66
What hormones induce the growth of pubic and axillary hair at puberty?
Testosterone and estrogen.
67
What blood pH change results from an increase in the rate and depth of breath?
Alkalosis.
68
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for auditory functioning?
Temporal.
69
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Regulates function of body, balance, thermoregulation.
70
How many carbohydrates per gram do carbohydrates contain?
4.
71
What is the process called when water molecules move across a cell membrane from high to low concentration?
Osmosis.
72
What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body?
Body becomes more acidic.
73
What plane divides the body from left to right?
Sagittal plane.
74
What part of the body is referred to as the lower back?
Lumbar.
75
High levels of which ion would most likely result in cardiac arrest?
Potassium.
76
What blood vessel perfuses the kidney?
Renal vein.
77
What gland is located on the anterior surface of the trachea?
Thyroid gland.
78
What contributes to phagocytosis in white blood cells?
Macrophages, neutrophils.
79
What part of the brain is attached to the spinal cord?
Medulla oblongata.
80
What structure of the eye picks out color?
Retina.
81
What is the outermost protective layer of the skin?
Epidermis.
82
The organ of corti is located in?
Ear
83
Where in the body are nutrients absorbed?
Small intestine
84
What cell structure regulates the transportation of substances in and out the cell?
Plasma membrane
85
The rough endoplasmic reticulum functions in the human cell to?
Synthesize protein
86
What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone ADH is secreted?
Water is reabsorbed from urinary filtrate
87
Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in?
Protein
88
What is the definition of chyme?
Bolus that turns into a soupy substance. The result of action by the stomach.
89
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers
90
What female reproductive organ produces oocytes, estrogen, progesterone?
Ovaries
91
What structure is located in the upper airways?
Nose, pharynx
92
What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules?
Cilia
93
Which is a hollow organ?
Gall bladder
94
Which muscle is included in the quadriceps femoris group?
Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius
95
Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function?
Medulla oblongata
96
The Mitral valve is located between which two structures?
Left atrium, left ventricle
97
Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?
ADH and OT
98
Client has large pituitary tumor what part of the body does this affect?
Head hurt, sickness, low blood pressure
99
Which structure produces B-lymphocytes?
Red bone marrow
100
What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system stimulation is increased?
Blood pressure rises, goose bumps
101
The buttocks are which surface of the body?
dorsal
102
The esophagus is located in which body cavity?
thoracic
103
The tympanic membrane is located between which structures?
external auditory canal and middle ear
104
How many days is the average menstrual cycle?
28 days
105
Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?
thymus
106
A person who has damaged the ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in which area?
arm - inability to adduct arms and fingers
107
Calcaneus is located in?
foot
108
Urinary system in the human body primary task is to?
expel waste
109
Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy?
Corpus luteum
110
What are fingerprints made of?
Friction Ridges
111
ABCD of cancer?
Melanoma
112
Which of the following location would the urinary bladder & internal reproductive organ be found?
pelvic region
113
Which one increases angle at the joint?
extensor
114
Which hormone is released by the posterior lobe?
oxytocin
115
Order of organization of living things?
organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere
116
What bones are formed first during intramembranous ossification?
flat bones of face and cranial
117
Most obvious skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
118
Active transport requires energy and work from?
cell
119
What is passive transport?
Doesn't require energy.
ex. diffusion and osmosis
## Footnote
Examples include diffusion and osmosis.
120
What is diffusion?
The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration.
121
What is osmosis?
Movement of water across a membrane.
122
What is a fibrous joint?
Immoveable and held together by ligaments only.
ex. teeth in socket
## Footnote
Example: teeth in socket.
123
What is a cartilaginous joint?
Connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage.
124
What are synovial joints?
Highly moveable joints such as hinge, pivot, and saddle.
125
What are the two types of asexual reproduction?
Binary fission and mitosis.
126
What does the eustachian tube do?
Links the nasopharynx to the middle ear.
127
What controls calciferol?
Parathyroid.
128
What does the sebaceous gland secrete?
Oil.
129
What is endocytosis?
Engulfs and brings in substances.
130
What is exocytosis?
Fuses within the plasma membrane and releases content outside of the cell.
131
What hormones does the pituitary gland produce?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone and GH.
132
What does the adrenal gland secrete?
Cortisol and aldosterone.
133
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
In the mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose, producing carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
134
What does anaerobic respiration produce?
Energy using glucose, but produces less energy and does not require oxygen.
135
What part of the respiratory system is in the upper respiratory?
Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli.
136
When does aerobic respiration happen?
In the presence of oxygen.
137
What is the soft spot on a baby's head called?
Fontanelle.
138
139
What do endocrine hormones do?
Regulate growth, metabolism, and sexual development and function.
140
What are the layers of the epidermis from outer to inner?
Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale.
Come Lets Get SunBurnt
## Footnote
Can Lily Grant Serena Boys.
141
What is the top part of the sternum called?
Manubrium.
142
What are the parts of the sternum?
Manubrium, body, xiphoid.
143
What makes up most plasma?
Water.
144
What are polypeptides?
Chains of amino acids.
145
What is mitosis?
The process of cell division that occurs in five stages before pinching two 'daughter' cells in a process called cytokinesis.
146
What is meiosis?
The process to make haploid gametes and the production of germ cells.
147
What is photosynthesis?
A process that uses sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water, generating oxygen as a byproduct.
148
What are the ribs attached to?
The sternum.
149
What is an auricle?
A thin pouch in the heart.
150
What does inspiration do?
Expands the thoracic cavity.
151
What separates the abdominal and thoracic cavity?
The diaphragm.
152
What is the distal convoluted tubule controlled by?
PTH.
153
What is HCL?
A chemical in the stomach that is not absorbed and can harm the stomach, but is protected by the mucus lining.
154
Which heart chamber has the largest layer?
Left ventricle.
155
What makes the colors of the skin?
Melanin and melanocytes.
156
What hormone does the distal convoluted tubule work with?
ADH.
157
Where is oxytocin produced?
By the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.
158
What does a ligament connect?
Bone to bone.
159
what does a tendon connect?
bone to muscle
160
what are osteocytes
bone forming cells
161
Steps to bone ossification
1. hematoma formation
2. callus formation
3. ossification
4. bone remodeling
162
The gallbladder is part of which organ system?
digestive system
163
what is the function of the vastus lateralis?
extends knee and stabilizes
164
What is the muscle contraction mechanism that moves food through the digestive tract called
peristalsis
165
where are schwann cells
the nervous system
166
what is the relationship between the nervous and muscular system
nerves tells muscles how to respond to the environment
167
what does is the somatic system responsible for
voluntary movements
168
what is the automatic nervous system responsible for
involuntary movements; through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
169
which organ system is responsible for regulating muscle growth
endocrine system
170
how does lymph work with the circulatory system
lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into blood vessels
171
what is the function of the parathyroid gland
activation of Vitamin D
172
what is a normal heart beat and BP
72 bpm and 120/80
173
how is pepsin used in the body
to break down proteins
174
what organ system is the esophagus a part of
digestive system
175
which system produces antibodies
lymphatic system
176
Blood that has supplied nutrients and oxygen from the heart muscle returns to the right atrium via the:
coronary sinus
177
what is a diploid cell
cell with 46 chromosomes
178
what is a haploid cell
a cell with 23 chromosomes
179
what are the four functions of the skeletal system
1. protection
2. movement
3. mineral movement
4. production of blood
180
what is an efferent pathway
message moving away from the CNS
181
what is an afferent pathway
message moving towards CNS
182
what is the ovum
a mature female reproductive cell, that can divide to give rise to an embryo visually only after fertilization by male cell
183
what is a gamete
a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote
184
what are the functions of the capillaries
carry blood away from the body in order to exchange nutrients, oxygen, and waste
185
what is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called?
external respiration
186
most of the carbon dioxide in the blood does which of the following?
it is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells
187
what are the two functions of the male and female sex organs
production of gametes and production of hormones
188
which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for organs
connective
189
what are the glands of the skin that produce a thin and watery secretion
eccrine glands
190
all actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following?
neurons
191
what do monocytes become
macrophages
192
what are lymphocytes
they play an important role in the immune system
193
what are the function of neutrophils
they phagocytize microorganisms
194
what must happen in order for inhalation to occur
contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air
195
what are the functional units of the kidneys
nephrons
196
where does fertilization occur
fallopian tubes
197
cellular contact is important for
wound healing
198
what is the most abundant tissue
connective
