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Midterms > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the levels of organization in a human body?

A

Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems,Organism (OCTOOO)

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of life? (Hint: Theres 9)

A

Movement, Responsiveness, Growth, Reproduction, Digestion, Absorption, Circulation, Assimilation, Excretion

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3
Q

What is needed for the maintenance of life? (5)

A

Water, Food, Oxygen, Heat, Pressure

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4
Q

Homeostasis:

A

A state of balance throughout the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly

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5
Q

Axial Skeleton Includes:

A

Bones in skull, vertebral column, ribcage

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6
Q

Appendicular skeleton Includes:

A

Limbs and bones that connect to the pectoral girdle (scapula, clavicle, arms) and pelvic girdle (Coxal bones, legs)

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7
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

spinal cord, central nervous system, spinal column

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8
Q

ventral cavity

A

thoracic abdominal and pelvic cavities

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9
Q

circulatory system

A

transports oxygen and nutrients to all corners of the body. It also carries a way carbon dioxide and other waste

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10
Q

what can you find in the circulatory system?

A

heart, blood vessels, (arteries and veins)

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11
Q

Respiratory system

A

responsible for breathing, moves oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the blood stream (respiration)

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12
Q

what can you find in the respiratory system?

A

lungs, trachea, airways

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13
Q

digestive system

A

aka gastrointestinal system is responsible for breaking down foods into nutrients also digestion.

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14
Q

what can you find in the digestive system?

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum

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15
Q

excretory system

A

aka urinary system, removes waste

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16
Q

hat can you find in the excretory system?

A

kidneys, bladder

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17
Q

nervous system

A

body’s command/control system

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18
Q

what can you find in the nervous system?

A

brain, spinal cord

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19
Q

anatomical position

A

facing forward, palms out, legs parallel

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20
Q

superior

A

describes a part that’s above another part

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21
Q

inferior

A

describes a part below another part

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22
Q

anterior(ventral)

A

towards the front

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23
Q

posterior(dorsal)

A

towards the back

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24
Q

medial

A

refers to the position that’s closer to the imaginary midline

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25
lateral
position further away from the midline
26
axial skeleton
head, neck, trunk
27
appendicular skeleton
arms, legs, and their attachments
28
proximal
closer to the point of attachment
29
distal
further away from point of attachment
30
cavities(spaces) function
protects delicate organs, allows organs to change sizes. ex: stomach, bladder
31
what 2 cavities does the DORSAL body cavity include?
cranial- formed by skull, contains the brain Spinal- formed by vertebrae, contains the spinal cord
32
What 2 cavities does the ventral body cavity include?
Thoracic cavity- right pleural cavity (right lung), left pleural cavity (left lung), pericardial cavity (in-between them) contains the heart Abdominal cavity- stomach, liver, speen, kidneys Abdominal cavity includes the pelvic cavity- bladder, internal reproductive organs
33
coronal plane (frontal plane)
a vertical plane running from side to side, divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions
34
sagittal plane (lateral plane)
a vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body into right and left sides
35
axial plane(transverse)
a horizontal plane divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts
36
medial plane
sagittal plane through the midline of the body; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left halves
37
what are the 4 types of tissues?
connective epithelial muscle nervous
38
tissue
a group or mass of cells working together to form common functions
39
epithelial tissue-
covers all body surfaces both inside and out
40
main glandular (glands) tissue
epithelial
41
what type of tissues usually has no blood supply
epithelial
42
most abundant tissue found throughout body
connective tissue
43
what does connective tissue do?
provides support, protection, framework, fills space, stores fat, produces blood cells, fights infections
44
what must have good blood supply? tissue.
connective
45
what are 3 types of cells in connective tissue
mast cell macrophages fibroclasts
46
mast cells function
prevents clots
47
macrophages function
consumers- A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells.
48
fibroclasts
produce fibers- type of cell that is responsible for making the extracellular matrix and collagen.
49
what are the main types of fibers
collogenous elastic
50
collagenous fibers include
bone, tendons, ligaments
51
where can I find elastic fibers
ears, vocal cords
52
loose connective tissue
binds underlying organs to skin and to each other forms delicate thin membranes throughout the body
53
adipose tissue (fat)
protective cushion, insulation to preserve body heat, stores energy
54
dense fibrous connective location
in dermis of skin, tendons, ligaments, functions in support
55
what connective tissue has collagenous fibers closely packed
dense fibrous
56
what do neurons do
transmit signals
57
what is neuroglia?
support cells- Any of the cells that hold nerve cells in place and help them work the way they should.
58
where is nerve tissue found?
the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
59
smooth muscle voluntary of involuntary?
involuntary- bladder
60
cardiac muscle voluntary of involuntary?
involuntary- heart
61
striated skeletal muscle voluntary of involuntary?
any muscle you can move- voluntary
62
tendon
muscle to bone
63
ligaments
bone to bone
64
Z- Line
any of the dark bands across a striated muscle fiber that mark the junction of actin filaments in adjacent sarcomeres.
65
I- Band
the light band of the sarcomere located between the two myosin (thick) filaments and contains only the actin (thin) filaments of two neighboring sarcomeres.
66
A Band
the dark band of the sarcomere which contains the entirety of the myosin (thick) filaments and the parts of the actin (thin) filaments that overlap with the myosin filaments at either end
67
how many synovial joints are there?
6
68
what are the 6 types of synovial joints?
hindge, pivot,ball in socket, ellipsoid, saddle, plane
69
hindge joint
allows movement only on one axis. structure prevents rotation- allows flexion and extension. think of hinges on a door- can only open or close. elbow or knee.
70
pivot joint
allowed rotation at one axis. neck or radius and ulna that rotate forearm
71
ball and socket joint
allows a lot of motion hip and shoulders
72
ellipsoid joint or condyloid
very much like ball in socket, not as much rotation. wrists
73
saddle joint
similar to ellipsoid but with limited rotation- thumb looks like 3D yingyang
74
plane joint
2 flat surfaces on top of each other- can glide or rotate. come in groups like carpals of hand or tarsals of the foot

Midterms (3 decks)

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