Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Where are the flexor aspects of the elbow?
A
Cranial
2
Q
Where are the flexor aspects of the carpus?
A
Caudal
3
Q
What is the function of triceps?
A
Extend elbow
4
Q
What is the function of biceps brachii?
A
Flex elbow
5
Q
What is the function of brachialis?
A
Flex elbow
6
Q
What joint does deep digital flexor primarily act at?
A
DiPj
7
Q
What joint does superficial digital flexor primarily act at?
A
PiPj
8
Q
What joint does interosseus primarily act at?
A
MCPj
9
Q
What is the function of anconeus?
A
Elbow capsular muscle
10
Q
What joints make up the carpus?
A
Antebrachiocarpal joint
Intercarpal joint
Carpometacarpal joint
11
Q
What is the additional insertion of interosseus in the equine hindlimb?
A
Fourth tarsal bone
12
Q
What forms the lateral wall of the carpal canal?
A
Accessory carpal bone
13
Q
What are the proximal carpal bones?
A
Radial
Intermediate
Ulnar
Accessory
14
Q
How many proximal carpal bones are there?
A
4
15
Q
How many distal carpal bones are there?
A
3 or 4
16
Q
How do the fore and hindlimb cannon bones differ in the horse?
A
Fore is circular
Hind is flattened into an oval shape
17
Q
How do fore and hind hooves differ?
A
Fore is circular
Hind is oval
18
Q
What is C1?
A
Atlas
19
Q
What is C2?
A
Axis
20
Q
What is the function of extensor carpi radialis?
A
Extend carpus
21
Q
What is the function of common digital extensor?
A
Extend digit
22
Q
What is the function of long digital extensor?
A
Extend digit
23
Q
What is the function of lateral digital extensor?
A
Extend digit
24
Q
What is the function of ulnaris lateralis?
A
Flex carpus
25
What is the function of extensor carpi obliquus?
Extend carpus
26
What is the function of flexi carpi ulnaris?
Flex carpus
27
What is the function of superficial digital flexor?
Flex digit
28
What is the function of deep digital flexor?
Flex digit
29
What is the function of flexor carpi radialis?
Flex carpus
30
What is the function of interosseous?
Flex MCPj (fetlock)
31
What does interosseous become?
Suspensory ligament
32
What is the function of short digital extensor?
Extend digit
33
What prevents PiPj overextension in the equine forelimb as part of the stay apparatus?
Palmar ligament
Radial check ligament to superficial digital flexor tendon
34
What prevents MCPj overextension in the equine forelimb as part of the stay apparatus?
Suspensory ligament
35
What prevents DiPj overextension in the equine forelimb as part of the stay apparatus?
Carpal check ligament to deep digital flexor tendon
36
What is involved in the equine stay apparatus in the forelimb?
Trunk slung from relatively fibrous serratus ventralis
Lacertus fibrosus
Biceps tendon of origin sticks in bicipital groove
Carpal bones lock in straight line
Elbow snap joints aided by fibrous old pronators
Palmar ligament
Radial check ligament
Carpal check ligament
Suspensory ligament
37
What forms the reciprocal apparatus?
Peroneus tertius
Superficial digital flexor
38
What are the ligaments of the fetlock?
Medial + lateral collateral
Suspensory + extensor slips
Medial + lateral sesamoidean
Intersesamoidean
Straight
Oblique
Cruciate
Short
39
What is E?
Accessory carpal
40
What is C?
Radial Carpal
41
What is D?
Ulnar Carpal
42
What is Int?
Intermediate Carpal
43
What is F?
Second carpal
44
What is G?
Third carpal
45
What is H?
Fourth carpal
46
What is E?
Accessory carpal
47
What is C?
Radial carpal
48
What is G?
Third carpal
49
Digital flexor tendons have been removed except for a small portion of their tendons of insertion. What is 1?
Suspensory ligament
50
Digital flexor tendons have been removed except for a small portion of their tendons of insertion. What is 2?
Deep digital flexor tendon
51
Digital flexor tendons have been removed except for a small portion of their tendons of insertion. What is 3?
Superficial digital flexor tendon
52
Digital flexor tendons have been removed except for a small portion of their tendons of insertion. What is 4?
Straight sesamoidean ligament
53
Digital flexor tendons have been removed except for a small portion of their tendons of insertion. What is 1'?
Extensor slips of suspensory ligament
54
Digital flexor tendons have been removed except for a small portion of their tendons of insertion. What is 5?
Oblique sesamoidean ligament
55
Digital flexor tendons have been removed except for a small portion of their tendons of insertion. What is 10?
Collateral cartilages of P3
56
Digital flexor tendons have been removed except for a small portion of their tendons of insertion. What is 6?
Intersesamoidean ligament
57
What is 6?
Digital cushion
58
What is 7?
Superficial digital flexor tendon
59
What is 8?
Deep digital flexor tendon
60
What is 9?
Superficial distal sesamoidean ligament
61
What is 10?
Navicular bursa
62
What is 11?
Ergot
63
What is 12?
Insensitive laminae
64
What is 13?
Distal sesamoidean impar ligament
65
What tendon is the proximal radial check ligament associated with?
Superficial digital flexor tendon
66
What tendon is the distal carpal check ligament associated with?
Deep digital flexor tendon
67
What do the check ligaments prevent?
Overextension of fetlock joint
68
What is 1?
Apex of frog
69
What is 2?
Central sulcus of frog
70
What is 3?
Bulb of heel
71
What is 4?
Bar
72
What is 5?
Wall
73
What is 6?
Sole
74
What do the arrows point to?
Collateral sulci
75
Is the wall thicker in the toe or heel region?
Toe
76
What is 7?
Intertubular horn
77
What is 6? (small white dot?
Horn tubule
78
What is 4?
Horny and dermal laminae
79
What is 3?
White line
80
What is LD?
Laminar dermis
81
What is CD?
Coronary dermis
82
What is the flexor manica?
Where SDFT bifurcates
83
What is 4'?
Digital cushion
84
What is 5?
Proximal sesamoid bones
85
What is 6?
Distal sesamoid (navicular) bone
86
What is 10?
Navicular bursa
87
What is 11?
Suspensory ligament
88
What is 12?
Straight sesamoidean ligament
89
What is 13?
DDFT
90
What is 16?
Distal navicular ligament
91
What is 17?
Common digital extensor tendon
92
What is 18?
SDFT
93
What is 2?
Suspensory ligament
94
What is 3?
SDFT
95
What is 4?
DDFT
96
What is 5?
Palmar annular ligament
97
What is 6?
Proximal digital annular ligament
98
What is 7?
Distal digital annular ligament
99
What is 8?
Digital sheath
100
What is sclera?
White of eye
101
What is the membrane over the sclera?
Conjunctiva
102
What protrudes out the back of the eye?
Optic nerve
103
What's the cornea?
Clear covering over front of eye that allows light in
104
What's the hole in the centre of the iris?
Pupil
105
What fluid is in the front of the eye?
Aqueous humour
106
What is the pigmented region of the eye?
Iris
107
What is the ciliary body?
Attachment point for cilliary muscles and suspensory ligaments
108
What does the ciliary body do?
Control size and shape of pupil
109
What suspends the lens?
Suspensory ligament
110
What does ciliary body contraction do?
Widens lens for long distance
111
What does ciliary body relaxation do?
Compresses lens for close up
112
What is the jelly-like substance in the back of the eye?
Vitreous humour
113
What is on top of the choroid layer?
Retina
114
What contains photoreceptors?
Retina
115
What are rods and cones?
Photoreceptors
