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Equine Functional Anatomy > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the flexor aspects of the elbow?

A

Cranial

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2
Q

Where are the flexor aspects of the carpus?

A

Caudal

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3
Q

What is the function of triceps?

A

Extend elbow

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4
Q

What is the function of biceps brachii?

A

Flex elbow

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5
Q

What is the function of brachialis?

A

Flex elbow

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6
Q

What joint does deep digital flexor primarily act at?

A

DiPj

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7
Q

What joint does superficial digital flexor primarily act at?

A

PiPj

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8
Q

What joint does interosseus primarily act at?

A

MCPj

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9
Q

What is the function of anconeus?

A

Elbow capsular muscle

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10
Q

What joints make up the carpus?

A

Antebrachiocarpal joint
Intercarpal joint
Carpometacarpal joint

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11
Q

What is the additional insertion of interosseus in the equine hindlimb?

A

Fourth tarsal bone

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12
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the carpal canal?

A

Accessory carpal bone

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13
Q

What are the proximal carpal bones?

A

Radial
Intermediate
Ulnar
Accessory

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14
Q

How many proximal carpal bones are there?

A

4

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15
Q

How many distal carpal bones are there?

A

3 or 4

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16
Q

How do the fore and hindlimb cannon bones differ in the horse?

A

Fore is circular
Hind is flattened into an oval shape

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17
Q

How do fore and hind hooves differ?

A

Fore is circular
Hind is oval

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18
Q

What is C1?

A

Atlas

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19
Q

What is C2?

A

Axis

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20
Q

What is the function of extensor carpi radialis?

A

Extend carpus

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21
Q

What is the function of common digital extensor?

A

Extend digit

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22
Q

What is the function of long digital extensor?

A

Extend digit

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23
Q

What is the function of lateral digital extensor?

A

Extend digit

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24
Q

What is the function of ulnaris lateralis?

A

Flex carpus

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25
Q

What is the function of extensor carpi obliquus?

A

Extend carpus

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26
Q

What is the function of flexi carpi ulnaris?

A

Flex carpus

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27
Q

What is the function of superficial digital flexor?

A

Flex digit

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28
Q

What is the function of deep digital flexor?

A

Flex digit

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29
Q

What is the function of flexor carpi radialis?

A

Flex carpus

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30
Q

What is the function of interosseous?

A

Flex MCPj (fetlock)

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31
Q

What does interosseous become?

A

Suspensory ligament

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32
Q

What is the function of short digital extensor?

A

Extend digit

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33
Q

What prevents PiPj overextension in the equine forelimb as part of the stay apparatus?

A

Palmar ligament
Radial check ligament to superficial digital flexor tendon

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34
Q

What prevents MCPj overextension in the equine forelimb as part of the stay apparatus?

A

Suspensory ligament

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35
Q

What prevents DiPj overextension in the equine forelimb as part of the stay apparatus?

A

Carpal check ligament to deep digital flexor tendon

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36
Q

What is involved in the equine stay apparatus in the forelimb?

A

Trunk slung from relatively fibrous serratus ventralis
Lacertus fibrosus
Biceps tendon of origin sticks in bicipital groove
Carpal bones lock in straight line
Elbow snap joints aided by fibrous old pronators
Palmar ligament
Radial check ligament
Carpal check ligament
Suspensory ligament

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37
Q

What forms the reciprocal apparatus?

A

Peroneus tertius
Superficial digital flexor

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38
Q

What are the ligaments of the fetlock?

A

Medial + lateral collateral
Suspensory + extensor slips
Medial + lateral sesamoidean
Intersesamoidean
Straight
Oblique
Cruciate
Short

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39
Q

What is E?

A

Accessory carpal

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40
Q

What is C?

A

Radial Carpal

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41
Q

What is D?

A

Ulnar Carpal

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42
Q

What is Int?

A

Intermediate Carpal

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43
Q

What is F?

A

Second carpal

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44
Q

What is G?

A

Third carpal

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45
Q

What is H?

A

Fourth carpal

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46
Q

What is E?

A

Accessory carpal

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47
Q

What is C?

A

Radial carpal

48
Q

What is G?

A

Third carpal

49
Q

Digital flexor tendons have been removed except for a small portion of their tendons of insertion. What is 1?

A

Suspensory ligament

50
Q

Digital flexor tendons have been removed except for a small portion of their tendons of insertion. What is 2?

A

Deep digital flexor tendon

51
Q

Digital flexor tendons have been removed except for a small portion of their tendons of insertion. What is 3?

A

Superficial digital flexor tendon

52
Q

Digital flexor tendons have been removed except for a small portion of their tendons of insertion. What is 4?

A

Straight sesamoidean ligament

53
Q

Digital flexor tendons have been removed except for a small portion of their tendons of insertion. What is 1’?

A

Extensor slips of suspensory ligament

54
Q

Digital flexor tendons have been removed except for a small portion of their tendons of insertion. What is 5?

A

Oblique sesamoidean ligament

55
Q

Digital flexor tendons have been removed except for a small portion of their tendons of insertion. What is 10?

A

Collateral cartilages of P3

56
Q

Digital flexor tendons have been removed except for a small portion of their tendons of insertion. What is 6?

A

Intersesamoidean ligament

57
Q

What is 6?

A

Digital cushion

58
Q

What is 7?

A

Superficial digital flexor tendon

59
Q

What is 8?

A

Deep digital flexor tendon

60
Q

What is 9?

A

Superficial distal sesamoidean ligament

61
Q

What is 10?

A

Navicular bursa

62
Q

What is 11?

A

Ergot

63
Q

What is 12?

A

Insensitive laminae

64
Q

What is 13?

A

Distal sesamoidean impar ligament

65
Q

What tendon is the proximal radial check ligament associated with?

A

Superficial digital flexor tendon

66
Q

What tendon is the distal carpal check ligament associated with?

A

Deep digital flexor tendon

67
Q

What do the check ligaments prevent?

A

Overextension of fetlock joint

68
Q

What is 1?

A

Apex of frog

69
Q

What is 2?

A

Central sulcus of frog

70
Q

What is 3?

A

Bulb of heel

71
Q

What is 4?

A

Bar

72
Q

What is 5?

A

Wall

73
Q

What is 6?

A

Sole

74
Q

What do the arrows point to?

A

Collateral sulci

75
Q

Is the wall thicker in the toe or heel region?

A

Toe

76
Q

What is 7?

A

Intertubular horn

77
Q

What is 6? (small white dot?

A

Horn tubule

78
Q

What is 4?

A

Horny and dermal laminae

79
Q

What is 3?

A

White line

80
Q

What is LD?

A

Laminar dermis

81
Q

What is CD?

A

Coronary dermis

82
Q

What is the flexor manica?

A

Where SDFT bifurcates

83
Q

What is 4’?

A

Digital cushion

84
Q

What is 5?

A

Proximal sesamoid bones

85
Q

What is 6?

A

Distal sesamoid (navicular) bone

86
Q

What is 10?

A

Navicular bursa

87
Q

What is 11?

A

Suspensory ligament

88
Q

What is 12?

A

Straight sesamoidean ligament

89
Q

What is 13?

A

DDFT

90
Q

What is 16?

A

Distal navicular ligament

91
Q

What is 17?

A

Common digital extensor tendon

92
Q

What is 18?

A

SDFT

93
Q

What is 2?

A

Suspensory ligament

94
Q

What is 3?

A

SDFT

95
Q

What is 4?

A

DDFT

96
Q

What is 5?

A

Palmar annular ligament

97
Q

What is 6?

A

Proximal digital annular ligament

98
Q

What is 7?

A

Distal digital annular ligament

99
Q

What is 8?

A

Digital sheath

100
Q

What is sclera?

A

White of eye

101
Q

What is the membrane over the sclera?

A

Conjunctiva

102
Q

What protrudes out the back of the eye?

A

Optic nerve

103
Q

What’s the cornea?

A

Clear covering over front of eye that allows light in

104
Q

What’s the hole in the centre of the iris?

A

Pupil

105
Q

What fluid is in the front of the eye?

A

Aqueous humour

106
Q

What is the pigmented region of the eye?

A

Iris

107
Q

What is the ciliary body?

A

Attachment point for cilliary muscles and suspensory ligaments

108
Q

What does the ciliary body do?

A

Control size and shape of pupil

109
Q

What suspends the lens?

A

Suspensory ligament

110
Q

What does ciliary body contraction do?

A

Widens lens for long distance

111
Q

What does ciliary body relaxation do?

A

Compresses lens for close up

112
Q

What is the jelly-like substance in the back of the eye?

A

Vitreous humour

113
Q

What is on top of the choroid layer?

A

Retina

114
Q

What contains photoreceptors?

A

Retina

115
Q

What are rods and cones?

A

Photoreceptors

Equine Functional Anatomy (3 decks)

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