Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine 1 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of structural classification of joints?

A
  1. Fibrous Joints
  2. Cartilaginous Joints
  3. Synovial Joints

Each type has distinct characteristics and examples.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the subcategories of Fibrous Joints?

A
  1. Sutures
  2. Syndesmosis
  3. Gomphosis

Fibrous joints are characterized by the presence of fibrous connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two types of Cartilaginous Joints?

A
  1. Primary cartilaginous joints (synchondrosis)
  2. Secondary cartilaginous joints (symphysis or amphiarthrosis)

Cartilaginous joints allow for limited movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the types of Synovial Joints?

A
  1. Ball-and-socket (spheroidal)
  2. Sellar (saddle)
  3. Condylar (bicondylar)
  4. Ellipsoid
  5. Hinge
  6. Pivot (trochoid)
  7. Plane

Synovial joints are characterized by a fluid-filled joint cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the functional classification of joints based on mobility?

A
  1. Synarthroses (immovable)
  2. Amphiarthroses (slightly movable)
  3. Diarthroses (freely movable)

Functional classification indicates the degree of movement allowed by the joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Synarthroses?

A

Immovable joints, like sutures of fibrous joints

Synarthroses are fixed joints with no movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Amphiarthroses?

A

Slightly movable joints, like secondary cartilaginous joints

Amphiarthroses allow for some movement but are not fully flexible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Diarthroses?

A

Freely movable joints, like synovial joints

Diarthroses provide a wide range of motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fill in the blank: The type of joint that allows for no movement is called a _______.

A

Synarthroses

Synarthroses are essential in providing stability to certain structures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ joints allow for slight movement and include secondary cartilaginous joints.

A

Amphiarthroses

Amphiarthroses are important for providing flexibility while maintaining some stability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or False: Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of a fluid-filled joint cavity.

A

True

This characteristic allows for smooth movement between the articulating bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are fibrous joints?

A

Joints where bones are joined by fibrous tissue and are either immovable or allow slight movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the three subtypes of fibrous joints.

A
  • Sutures
  • Syndesmoses
  • Gomphoses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are sutures?

A

Immovable joints found only in the skull, where two bones are separated by connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the osteogenic cells in sutures?

A

They cover the sutural side of each bone, aiding in bone growth and repair.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to sutures as age advances?

A

The area between the bones decreases, and osteogenic surfaces may oppose and synostose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give an example of a serrate suture.

A

Interparietal sagittal suture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a squamous suture? Provide an example.

A

A type of suture with overlapping edges, e.g., temporo-parietal suture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a denticulate suture? Provide an example.

A

A suture characterized by tooth-like projections, e.g., lambdoid suture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

Membrane-filled gaps in the neonatal skull that allow for molding during childbirth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many specific points of fontanelles are there in the newborn skull?

A

Six specific points.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the purpose of fontanelles during childbirth?

A

They permit overlapping of bones to facilitate normal (vaginal) childbirth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the anterior fontanelle used for?

A

To judge the hydration of the infant

The anterior fontanelle is a soft spot on a baby’s head that allows for brain growth.

24
Q

At what age do all fontanelles typically become bone?

A

By 18 months

Fontanelles represent intra-membranous ossification in progress.

25
Q

Define syndesmosis.

A

A fibrous union between bones

It may be represented as interosseous ligament or a tense membrane.

26
Q

What is an example of a syndesmosis joint?

A

Inferior tibiofibular joint

Other examples include the posterior part of the sacroiliac joint and interosseous talocalcanean ligament.

27
Q

Define gomphosis.

A

A peg and socket junction between the tooth and socket

The periodontal ligament connects the dental element to the alveolar bone.

28
Q

What connects the dental element to the alveolar bone in a gomphosis?

A

The periodontal ligament

Gomphosis is an articulation between two bones.

29
Q

Fill in the blank: Syndesmosis may be represented as _______.

A

interosseous ligament

It can also be a tense membrane in certain joints.

30
Q

What are primary cartilaginous joints also known as?

A

Synchondroses

Primary cartilaginous joints are characterized by the bones being united by a plate of hyaline cartilage.

31
Q

What happens to primary cartilaginous joints after a certain age?

A

They undergo synostosis

This process replaces the cartilaginous plate with bone.

32
Q

Where are primary cartilaginous joints typically found?

A

Between the epiphysis and diaphysis of long bones

These joints are associated with growth and epiphyseal plates.

33
Q

List examples of primary cartilaginous joints.

A
34
Q

What are secondary cartilaginous joints also known as?

A

Symphyses

These joints are characterized by a fibrocartilaginous disc uniting the bones.

35
Q

What covers the articular surfaces of secondary cartilaginous joints?

A

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage

This layer is coupled with a fibrocartilaginous disc.

36
Q

Are secondary cartilaginous joints permanent or temporary?

A

Permanent

These joints persist throughout life.

37
Q

Where do secondary cartilaginous joints typically occur?

A

In the median plane of the body

They allow limited movements due to the compressible fibrocartilaginous pad.

38
Q

Provide examples of secondary cartilaginous joints.

A
39
Q

What is the role of fibrocartilage in secondary cartilaginous joints?

A

It provides a compressible pad

This pad allows for limited movements in joints like the pubic symphysis.

40
Q

What is the significance of the thickness of fibrocartilage in secondary cartilaginous joints?

A

It affects the range of movement

The thickness is crucial for joint function.

41
Q

True or False: Primary cartilaginous joints allow for extensive movement.

A

False

Primary cartilaginous joints are immovable and strong.

42
Q

Fill in the blank: Primary cartilaginous joints are united by _______.

A

Hyaline cartilage

43
Q

Fill in the blank: Secondary cartilaginous joints are characterized by a disc of _______.

A

Fibrocartilage

44
Q

What type of joints are the most evolved and mobile?

A

Synovial joints

Synovial joints are characterized by their structure and range of movement.

45
Q

What covers the articular surfaces of synovial joints?

A

Hyaline cartilage

Fibrocartilage is present in certain membrane bones like the clavicle and mandible.

46
Q

What is the nature of articular cartilage?

A

Avascular, non-nervous, and elastic

Articular cartilage is lubricated with synovial fluid.

47
Q

How does the surface of the cartilage appear?

A

Shows fine undulations filled with synovial fluid

This structure provides slippery surfaces for free movements.

48
Q

What is the role of synovial fluid?

A

Lubricates the joint and nourishes the articular cartilage

The viscosity of synovial fluid is due to hyaluronic acid.

49
Q

What is present between the articular surfaces in synovial joints?

A

A joint cavity filled with synovial fluid

The cavity may be partially or completely subdivided by an articular disc or meniscus.

50
Q

What surrounds the joint in a synovial joint?

A

An articular capsule

The capsule consists of a fibrous capsule lined by synovial membrane.

51
Q

What is the function of the fibrous capsule in synovial joints?

A

Sensitive to stretches and protects the joint

This is referred to as the watchdog action of the capsule.

52
Q

What are capsular or true ligaments?

A

Thickenings of the fibrous capsule

They reinforce the fibrous capsule.

53
Q

What are accessory ligaments in synovial joints?

A

Distinct from the fibrous capsule and may be intra- or extracapsular

These ligaments provide additional support to the joint.

54
Q

Fill in the blank: Synovial joints allow for varying degrees of _______.

A

movements

55
Q

What are the two main types of joints classified under uniaxial joints?

A
  • Hinge joint
  • Pivot joint

These joints allow movement primarily in one axis.

56
Q

Name the two types of biaxial joints.

A
  • Condylar joint
  • Ellipsoid joint

Biaxial joints allow movement in two axes.

57
Q

What type of movements do multiaxial joints allow?

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Circumduction
  • Medial rotation
  • Lateral rotation

These joints provide a wide range of movement options.

Medicine 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions