Anatomy

Question 1

Role of connective tissue?

Answer 1

Provide support, protection, attachment site for musculature

Question 2

Role of muscles?

Answer 2

Generate control and movement

Question 3

Role of upper resp. tract?

Answer 3

Intake and conditioning of air, facilitates speech

Question 4

Role of lower resp. tract?

Answer 4

permits respiration/gas exchange

Question 5

Role of glands?

Answer 5

Produce and secrete hormones in response to physiological need

Question 6

Role of Urinary Tract?

Answer 6

Blood filtration and waste excretion

Question 7

Role of upper GI tract?

Answer 7

Chewing and swallowing

Question 8

Role of lower GI tract?

Answer 8

absorptions of nutrients/water and excretion of waste

Question 9

Role of CNS?

Answer 9

Conscious and unconscious control of the body

Question 10

Role of PNS?

Answer 10

detects stimuli and delivers information

Question 11

Role of Blood?

Answer 11

Contains oxygen and nutrients for metabolic activity

Question 12

Role of Heart and vasculature?

Answer 12

Allows blood to reach and return from the entire body

Question 13

Role of Astrocytes

Answer 13

Form blood brain barrier and support neurons.

Question 14

Role of oligodendrocytes

Answer 14

Provide myelin sheath

Question 15

Role of Ependymal Cells

Answer 15

help create and circulate CSF

Question 16

What is a nerve?

Answer 16

Bundle of neurons. Each neuron can have different functions within the same nerve

Question 17

Afferent neurons

Answer 17

Sensory nerve fibres eg impulse passes from skin to the CNS

Question 18

Efferent neurons

Answer 18

Motor nerve fibres eg impulse passes from CNS to skeletal muscles

Question 19

Vertebral foramen

Answer 19

Hole within vertebrae which forms the canal through which the spinal cord travels

Question 20

How many cervical vertebrae/nerves?

Answer 20

7 vertebrae, 8 nerves

Question 21

How many thoracic vertebrae/nerves?

Answer 21

12

Question 22

how many lumbar vertebrae/nerves?

Answer 22

5

Question 23

How many sacral vertebrae/nerves?

Answer 23

5

Question 24

How many coccyx vertebrae/nerves?

Answer 24

3/4

Question 25

what is a Dermatome

Answer 25

Area of skin supplied by a single nerve

Question 26

What is a myotome?

Answer 26

Area of muscle supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 27

How many Cranial Nerves?

Answer 27

12

Question 28

Names of the cranial nerves?

Answer 28

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducent
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

Question 29

Name three nerve plexues

Answer 29

Cervical (C1-C4), Brachial (C5 - T1), Lumbar (L1 - L5)

Question 30

What is the basic structure of the nerve plexus

Answer 30

Ventral rami from a segment join together with ventral rami from segements above and below

Question 31

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 31

Unconscious control
Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 32

Sympathetic system

Answer 32

Fight or flight
increases heart rate, respiratory rate, dilates pupils

Question 33

Parasympathetic system

Answer 33

Rest and digest
decreases heart and respiration rates, constricts pupils

Question 34

In which nervous system are ganglions found?

Answer 34

Autonomic

Question 35

Pre- and post- ganglion length in sympathetic system

Answer 35

Short pre-ganglionic
Long post-ganglionic
Ganglion far from target organ, close to CNS

Question 36

Enteric Nervous system

Answer 36

Can act autonomously
Controls peristalsis through series of reflexes
Has input from sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS

Question 37

How does the enteric nervous system function?

Answer 37

Plexus of nerves that surrounds the gut expands as food enters. Reflex detects the expansion and contracts, pushing food through the system.