Anatomy Flashcards
Name the major surface lobes/structures, sulci and gyrus of the brain
What is the major role of the basal ganglia ?
co-ordination of movement
Name and label the components of the basal ganglia
The basal ganglia consists of the caudate nucleus, putamen, Globus pallidus and lentiform nucleus
Label the internal capsule. Disruption of which artery in a stroke effects it, and what is its effect?
MCA
Results in contralateral hemiparesis
What rate is CSF produced and reabsorbed?
450ml/24hr
What volume of CSF is in the brain and spinal cord?
150-75ml in the brain and 75ml in the spinal cord
Where is CSF secreted from ?
The choroid plexus in the ventricles and the ependymal lining of the ventricles
Where is CSF absorbed?
Subarachnoid granulations
Describe the flow of CSF
- from lateral ventricle through the foramen of Monro into the third ventricle.
- From the third ventricle via the aqueduct of Sylvius into the fourth ventricle
- from the fourth ventricle through the posterior foramen of magendie and lateral foramina of luschka into the cisterna magna
- CSF then circulates around the spinal cord and subarachnoid space and is reabsorbed through arachnoid granulations into the cerebral venous system.
Name the layers of tissue to the brain. External to internal.
Skin, Skull, Dura mater, arachnoid mater, Pia mater and brain.
In which space is CFS contained
The subarachnoid space, between the pia mater and arachnoid mater
Where does an extradural haematoma occur
Between bone and dura mater
Where does a subdural haematoma occur?
Between dura mater and arachnoid mater
Where does a subarachnoid haemorrhage occur ?
Between the arachnoid mater and pia mater.
name the four lobes of the brain
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
What are the anatomical relations of the frontal lobe and what are it’s constituents?
Located deep to frontal and parietal bones and sits in the anterior cranial fossa.
Consists of:
- Precentral gyrus and motor cortex
- Pre-motor and supplementary motor cortices
- Frontal eye field
- Broca’s area
What is the function of the precentral gyrus and primary motor cortex?
Control of motor function of entire body.
Damage leads to loss of motor function on the contralateral part of the body.
What is the function of the premotor cortex?
Control of muscle groups and modulation of posture
What is the function of the frontal eye field?
- Control of eye movement
- Eyes will move to the side of damage/lesion
- Each frontal eye field controls the contralateral direction of movement.
What is the function of brocas area?
Generally found in the left hemisphere.
Involved in motor planning of speech.
Damage -> Expressive dysphASIA
What are the constituent parts of the parietal lobe? Briefly explain their function.
Lies deep to the parietal bones.
Consists of:
- Primary somatosensory cortex (psc): Involved in receiving and interpreting sensory information from the whole body
- Parietal association cortex: Uses information from the psc and helps with spatial awareness. Damage leads to anomia, alexia, agraphia, acalculia and neglect on the contralateral side of the body.
What are the parts of the temporal lobe and their function?
- Auditory cortex: Interprets sound from ears
- Auditory association cortex (Wernickes area): Understanding of speech and language. Damage -> Aphasia
What are the parts of the occipital lobe and their function?
- Primary visual cortex: Interprets visual information from the eyes.
- Association visual cortex: Surrounds the primary visual cortex. Helps interpret visual information and identify what you are seeing from previous experience.
