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Radiology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is lamina dura?

A

teeth sockets are bounded by thin radiopaque layer of dense bone
– continues over crest of alveolar bone

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2
Q

What is alveolar crest? Where?

A

gingival margin of alveolar process between teeth (radiopaque line)
*continuous with lamina dura
– 1-2mm from crown/CEJ

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3
Q

What is the periodontal ligament space?

A

radiolucent space between the tooth root & lamina dura
*the constant pressure to bone surrounding root makes it more sclerotic/dense

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4
Q

What can a double PDL mean?

A
  • convexity of proximal root surface
  • two roots
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5
Q

What is cancellous/trabecular bone?

A

between cortical plates in both jaws

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6
Q

What pathologies can alter bone metabolism/trabeculation?

A

anemia, osteonecrosis, osteopetrosis

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7
Q

What is the anterior nasal spine?

A
  • radiopacity at or just below junction of inferior end of nasal septum & inferior outline of nasal aperture
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8
Q

What structure meets at the anterior nasal spine?

A

floor of nasal cavity

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9
Q

What structure is superior to anterior nasal spine?

A

nasal septum

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10
Q

What is the intermaxillary suture?

A

“median suture”
- extends from alveolar crest between 8&9 posteriorly to distal aspect of hard palate
- uniform width
- variable shape (xray angulation)

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11
Q

What is the nasopalatine canal? What & where is the entrance? Exit?

A
  • transmits nasopalatine nerves & vessels
  • superior/Stenson foramina: usually 2 round/oval foramina in floor of nasal cavity
  • incisive foramen (oral opening)
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12
Q

What is the incisive foramen?

A
  • oral end of nasopalatine canal
  • between 8 & 9 (if xray technique proper)
  • variable size/shape
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13
Q

What is the nasal cavity?

A

located above oral cavity
- floor seen as thin radiopaque line
- inverted V in anterior region & straight line in posterior

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14
Q

Where do we typically see the intersection of the floor of the maxillary sinus & nasal cavity?

A

premolar level

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15
Q

What is the maxillary sinus?

A
  • air-containing cavity lined with mucous membrane
  • borders appear in PA radiographs as thin, irregular radiopaque lines
  • may have septae
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16
Q

How does the nose appear in radiographs?

A
  • soft tissue tip can be seen in projections of maxillary incisors superimposed over roots
  • radiopaque entity
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17
Q

What is the lateral fossa?

A

– depression of maxilla near apex of lateral incisor
- diffuse radiolucency

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18
Q

What is the nasolacrimal canal?

A
  • runs from orbit inferiorly to nasal cavity
    **should NOT be seen in regular/good PA
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19
Q

Where can the nasolacrimal canal be seen? What shape?

A
  • occasionally near apex of maxillary canine when steep vertical angulation is used (PA)
  • lateral to maxillary molar; oval (occlusal)
20
Q

What is the zygomatic process of the maxilla?

A
  • radiopaque extension of the lateral maxillary surface that articulates with the maxillary process of the zygoma
21
Q

What shape is the zygomatic process of the maxilla on a radiograph?

A

U shaped

22
Q

What is the posterior extension of the zygomatic process of the maxilla?

A
  • zygomatic bone
23
Q

What is the nasolabial fold?

A
  • oblique line demarcating a region that appears to be covered by a veil of slight radiolucency
  • often traverses PA radiographs near premolar region
24
Q

What is the pterygoid plates & hamular process?

A
  • medial & lateral plates lie immediately posterior to tuberosity of maxilla
  • process extends inferiorly from medial plate
25
Q

What is the tuberosity?

A
  • most posterior part of maxilla/alveolar bone
26
Q

What is the mandibular symphysis?

A
  • in infants
  • radiolucent line through midline of jaw between forming deciduous central incisors
27
Q

What are the genial tubercles?

A

radiopaque bony protuberances located on lingual surface of mandible slightly above inferior border & midline

28
Q

What is the lingual foramen?

A
  • foramen on lingual surface of midline of mandible in region of genial tubercles
    *often two or more
29
Q

What is the mental ridge?

A
  • on PA of mandibular CI
  • two radiopaque lines forming inverted V towards midline
  • anterior surfaces of mandible
30
Q

What is the mental fossa?

A
  • depression on labial aspect of mandible
  • extends laterally from midline & above mental ridge
31
Q

How does the mental fossa appear on radiographs?

A
  • ill-defined radiolucency in region of mandibular incisor roots
  • PDL & lamina dura intact
32
Q

What is the mental foramen?

A
  • usually anterior limit of inferior dental canal
33
Q

Where is the mental foramen found?

A
  • area of canine to 1st molar
    **can look like PARL…always look for intact lamina dura & PDL // no caries
34
Q

What is the mandibular canal?

A
  • dark linear shadow with thin radiopaque superior & inferior borders
35
Q

Where is the mandibular canal?

A
  • posterior to mental foramen… posterior to canine/premolar region
36
Q

What are nutrient canals?

A
  • carry neurovascular bundle & appear as radiolucent lines of fairly uniform width
    *vertical/up and down OR round in cross-section
37
Q

When is it common to see nutrient canals?

A

**perio dx
& in anterior mandible easiest

38
Q

What is the internal oblique ridge/mylohyoid ridge?

A
  • slightly irregular crest of bone on lingual surface of mandibular body
39
Q

How should the mylohyoid ridge appear on radigraphs?

A
  • anterior portion far from teeth & angles closer to teeth & alveolar bone in posterior position
40
Q

What is the submandibular gland fossa?

A
  • depression of bone on lingual surface of mandibular body
  • immediately below internal oblique ridge in molar region
41
Q

How to distinguish between mandibular canal & submandibular gland fossa?

A
  • canal = well defined & is corticated
  • fossa = ill-defined borders & not corticated
42
Q

What is the external oblique ridge?

A
  • continuation of anterior border of mandibular ramus
43
Q

What is the inferior border of the mandible?

A
  • occasionally seen on PA as dense, broad radiopaque band of bone
44
Q

What is the coronoid process?

A
  • triangular radiopacity
  • apex directed superiorly & anteriorly
  • superimposed on maxillary 3rd molar region
45
Q

What is mandibular tori?

A
  • bony outgrowths on lingual surface of mandible
  • often bilingual & symmetrical

Radiology (5 decks)

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