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Praxis Exam > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is frontal plane?

A

divides the body vertically into anterior (front) and posterior (back) pars

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2
Q

What plane is divided into vertically right and left sides?

A

Sagittal

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3
Q

The horizontal plane divides the body how?

A

along the horizon into upper and lower parts

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4
Q

What plane feature is toward the head?

A

Superior or Cranial

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5
Q

What plane feature is towards the feet?

A

Inferior or Caudal

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6
Q

Anterior/ Ventral is pointing where?

A

towards the front

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7
Q

What direction is Posterior/Dorsal?

A

Toward the back

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8
Q

Rostral Means?

A

Towards beak /nose

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9
Q

What direction is towards the midline of the body?
Which is away from midline?

A

Medial
Lateral

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10
Q

Proximal means?

A

toward the trunk or origin

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11
Q

What word means away from the truck or origin?

A

Distal

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12
Q

What does the dorsal cavity include?

A

skill and vertebral column, including the brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

A cavity divided into thoracic and abdominal cavities?

A

Ventral Cavity

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14
Q

What anatomical features are included in the thoracic cavity ?

A

heart, lungs ,trachea, esophagus, large blood vessels, and nerves

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15
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle cells?

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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16
Q

Multipolar neurons are found in the CNS in what two structures?

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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17
Q

Where are bipolar neurons found?

A

PNS sensory pathways for (taste, olfaction, and vestibular function)

18
Q

What insulates neurons?

A

Myelin

19
Q

What type of glia myelinates axons in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

20
Q

The Schwann cells provide myeling to what axons and in which nervous system?

A

PNS

21
Q

What are small non insulated areas of the axon?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

22
Q

What is Cranial Nerve # 1 name? What does it do?

A

Olfactory (s)
Smell

23
Q

What does the Optic nerve do?

A

Vision (s)

24
Q

Cranial never 3

A

Oculomotor (m)
Eye movement, upper eyelid elevation. pupil constriction

25
Q

The Trochlear nerve does what?

A

Motor movement of the eye downward and lateral

26
Q

Cranial Nerve 5 is a motor or sensory ?

A

Both- has 3 major branches ophthalamic, maxillary, mandibular
sensory - face sensation to the mentioned areas and motor innervation for muscles of mastication and the tensor tympani in the middle ear.

27
Q

The Abducens nerve is a motor nerve that does?

A

lateral eye movement

28
Q

CN 7

A

The facial nerve (b)
Sensory - taste to the ant 2/3 of the tongue, motor to the facial expression muscles, salivary and lacrimal glands

29
Q

Why is the Facial Nerve important for speech in swallowing?

A

oral stage of swallowing including taste and bolus formation
Speech: Articulation

30
Q

CN8 helps us?

A

hear and maintain balance

31
Q

The Glossopharyngeal nerve completes what functions?

A

Both sensory and motor
Taste sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, sensation from middle ear, upper pharynx and carotid body, salivation (parotid)
Motor to the stylopharyngeus

32
Q

What stages of swallowing does CN 9 contribute to?

A

Oral and Pharyngeal stages of swallowing, taste, salivation, pharynx elevation and gag reflex

33
Q

The Vagus nerve does what?

A

sensation from the lower pharynx, motor innervation of the pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles of the soft palate, heart, lungs, and digestive tract

34
Q

What is the Vagus’s nerve speech/swallowing contribution?

A

Velum elevation, gag reflex, VF tension, adduction, and abduction

35
Q

What stage swallowing does the hypoglossal nerve aid?

A

Oral stage of swallowing with bolus manipulation and propulsion
This nerve also helps with speech articulation

35
Q

The Spinal Accessory nerve innervates what 2 muscles?

A

Sternocleiodmastoid and the Trapezius

35
Q

The spinal accessory helps with?

A

head turning and shoulder elevation

36
Q

What is the Hypoglossal function?

A

Motor innervation of the Intrinsic tongue muscles

37
Q

What helps protect the CNS?

A

The Meninges

38
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

A

Pia
Arachnoid
Dura
Protective PAD

39
Q

Where is CSF created?

A

Choroid Plexus

40
Q

How many ventricles are in the brain?

A

4

Praxis Exam (2 decks)

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