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anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Normal blood pH can be described in chemical terms as:

A

slightly alkaline

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2
Q

Oxygen has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons. what is its atomic mass?

A

16

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3
Q

which of the following is NOT a characteristics of water
- lubricates body surfaces
- high solubility
- low heat capacity
- hydrogen bonding

A

low heat capacity

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4
Q

what is the chemical reactions that release energy?

A

exergonic

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5
Q

what is the term for a reaction involving water, that breaks molecules into smaller fragments

A

hydrolysis

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6
Q

the number of which subatomic particle will vary in different isotopes os an elements ________

A

neutrons

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7
Q

when atoms share electrons what type of bond do they form?

A

covalent

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8
Q

which of the following is the basis of surface tension?
- ionic bonds
- hydrostatic bonds
- hydrogen bonds
- adhesive bonds

A

hydrogen bonds

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9
Q

the number and arrangement of electrons in an atoms outer shell determine its elements

A

chemical properties

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10
Q

when the body generates significant quantities of acids it may disrupt which of the following?
- it will increase pH level above 7.5
- It will decrease the pH level
- it will result in sustained muscular tetany

A

It will decrease the pH le el

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11
Q

the term_________ means enzymes catalyzes inly one type of reaction

A

specificity

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12
Q

A solute that dissociates to release hydrogen ions and causes a decrease in pH is a/an

A

acid

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13
Q

isotopes of an element are

A

atoms whose nuclei have different numbers of neutrons

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14
Q

by weight, which element is the second most abundant in the human body?

A

carbon

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15
Q

the chemical properties of every element are determined by:

A

number and arrangement of electrons in the outer energy level

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16
Q

AB-> A + B is

A

decomposition

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17
Q

A + B -> AB is

A

synthesis

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18
Q

The smallest stable units of matter are

A

atoms

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19
Q

which of the following statements about water is not correct
- it is composed of polar molecules
- it is responsible for much of the mass of the human body
- it has a relatively low heat capacity
- it can dissolve many substances

A

It has a relatively low heat capacity

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20
Q

molecules the do not readily dissolve in water are called

A

hydrophobic

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21
Q

the most abundant high-energy compound in cells is:

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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22
Q

which of the following is the mechanism of enzymes
- lower activation energy
- add kinetic energy to reactants
- slow down substances
- provide energy to make bonds

A

lower activation energy

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23
Q

the number and arrangement of electrons in an atoms outer shell determine its elements

A

chemical properties

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24
Q

which of the following is the basis of surface tension
- ionic bonds
- hydrostatic bonds
- hydrogen bonds
- adhesive bonds

A

hydrogen bonds

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25
Q

when atoms share electrons what type os bond do they form

A

covalent

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26
Q

the number of which subatomic particle will vary in different isotopes of an element

A

neutrons

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27
Q

what is the term for a reaction involving water, that breaks molecules into smaller fragments

A

hydrolysis

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28
Q

what term is used for chemical reactions that release energy

A

exergonic

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29
Q

oxygen has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons. what is the atomic mass

A

16

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30
Q

normal blood pH can be described in chemical terms as

A

slightly alkaline

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31
Q

in the membranes ‘skin’ of the cell what makes up the hydrophobic interior region

A

fatty acid tails

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32
Q

which of the following organelles is often associated with ribosomes?
- SER
- RER
- Golgi apparatus
- Peroxisomes

A

RER

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33
Q

Which organelles are responsible for the production of ATP

A

Mitochondria

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34
Q

What do ribosomes produce

A

protein

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35
Q

Which of the following will happen to a human cell in a hypertonic solution
- it will swell
- it will burst
- it will crenate (shrivel)
- it will maintain the same

A

It will crenate (shrivel)

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36
Q

What percent of sodium chloride would a solution of normal saline require

A

0.9 percent

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37
Q

synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the what

A

smooth ER

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38
Q

faty acid tails make up the _____ portion of the membrane and are located on the _____ of the membrane

A

hydrophobic; inside

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39
Q

Cells that lack a nucleus

A

Wear out in a few months

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40
Q

active transport requires which molecule

A

ATP

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41
Q

Red blood cells crenate (get spiky) in what type of solution

A

hypertonic

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42
Q

normal saline is which type of solution

A

isotonic

43
Q

in active transport what provides the energy needed to move ions or molecules across the membrane?

A

ATP molecules

44
Q

which of the following is an example of both passive and carrier mediated transport
- osmosis
- exchange pump
- facilitated diffusion
- endocytosis

A

facilitated diffusion

45
Q

which method of transport is responsible for low sodium and high potassium in the cell

A

active transport

46
Q

what type of cell in the human body possess a flagellum

A

sperm cell

47
Q

for most of their lives cells are in which phase

A

interphase

48
Q

Most of the ATP required to power cellular operation is produced in the

A

mitochondria

49
Q

Synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the

A

smooth ER

50
Q

The stage in a cells life in which the cell performs its normal functions and prepares for division is called

A

interphase

51
Q

water molecules and small ions enter a cell through

A

channels formed by integral proteins

52
Q

carrier molecules are located within the

A

plasma membrane

53
Q

functions of the plasma membrane include all of the following except
- separation of the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid
- regulation of exchange of materials with the extracellular environment
- sensitivity to chemical changes in the extracellular fluid
- thermal insulation

A

thermal insulation

54
Q

the extra cellular fluid in most tissues is called the _______ fluid

A

interstitial

55
Q

__________ is when a vesicle fuses to the plasma membrane and discharges its contents to the extracellular environment

A

exocytosis

56
Q

the _________ of a membrane indicates how easy it is for substances to cross

A

permeability

57
Q

the effect of diffusion in the body is:

A

to work toward elimination of the concentration gradient

58
Q

What is the study of tissue called

A

Histology

59
Q

What is the study of tissue called

A

Histology

60
Q

what is in the right upper quadrant (RUQ)

A
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • large intestine
  • small intestine
61
Q

what is in the right lower quadrant (RLQ)

A

appendix

62
Q

what is in the left upper quadrant

A
  • stomach
  • spleen
63
Q

what is in the left lower quadrant

A
  • urinary bladder
64
Q

which of the following would be considered the largest organ of the body
- heart
- skin
- liver
- brain

A

skin

65
Q

the primary function of the skin is to

A

protect underlying body tissues

66
Q

which of the following is the major contributor to skin wrinkling
- chronic UV exposure
- poor nutrition
- excessive skin moisture
- inherited genetic factors

A

chronic UV exposure

67
Q

the outer layer of skin is known as:

A

Epidermis

68
Q

flat <1 cm of skin with change in skin colour: ex. are freckles, petechiae, measles
what’s it called

A

macule

69
Q

tumour consisting of blood or lymph vessels

A

angioma

70
Q

redness that occurs in patches of various size and shape

A

erythema

71
Q

greyish blue skin tones, esp. in nail beds and earlobe

A

cyanosis

72
Q

yellowish green colour most often seen in scerla and palms of hand and soles of feet

A

jaundice

73
Q

blue-gray birthmark on lower back/buttocks of newborn:

A

mongolian spot

74
Q

the advantage of increased surface area of papillary ridges is to

A

aid attachment of epidermis to the dermal layer

75
Q

which of the following is NOT a function of the skin
- thermoregulation
- immune responses
- sex hormone production
- salt and waste excretion

A

sex hormone production

76
Q

Melanocytes are located in the stratum

A

basale

77
Q

Blisters and other healing events heal slowest in

A

the elderly

78
Q

the sweat glands that are located in limited regions of the body such as axillary and pubis are called

A

apocrine

79
Q

nail production occurs at the nail

A

root

80
Q

when the arrestor pili muscles contract what is formed

A

goose bumps

81
Q

glands that are located in the passageway of the external ear are called ______ glands

A

ceruminous

82
Q

what type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters

A

first degree

83
Q

the majority of the vascularization of integumentary tissue is in the

A

dermis

84
Q

which facial bone contains a sinus

A

maxilla

85
Q

which type of vertebra is the most numerous

A

thoracic(12)

86
Q

which bone is the manubrium part of ?

A

sternum

86
Q

with which vertebrae do the floating ribs articulate

A

thoracic 11 and 12

87
Q

which bone attaches the appendicular skeleton to the sternum

A

the clavicle (appendicular skeleton is arms and legs)

88
Q

which hip bone bears the body’s weight when seated

A

ischium (ischial tuberosity)

89
Q

which of the following is typical of a female pelvis

A

pubic angle > 100 degrees (everything is more open for child bearing)

90
Q

what covers the surface of bone at the articulating surface within a synovial joint

A

articular cartilage (makes it smoother)

91
Q

which of these refers oto moving the sole of the foot medially
- dorsiflexion
- eversion
- protraction
- inversion

A

inverion

92
Q

which of the following can successfully be treated with surgical joint replacement
- osteoarthritis
- osteoporosis
- rheumatism
- osteopenia

A

osteoarthritis

93
Q

Which of these surrounds a muscle fascicle

A

Perimysium

94
Q

Which term refers to the plasma membranes of a muscle cell

A

Sarcolemma

95
Q

Which of these is the part of the muscle fibre simulated by a motor neuron
Synaptic cleft
Junctional fold
Sarcolemma
Motor end plate

A

Motor end plate

96
Q

What ion flows when a nerve ending stimulates a muscle cell

A

Sodium

97
Q

What chemical is secreted by motor neurons at neuromuscular junctions in skeletal muscle

A

Acetylcholine

98
Q

I hide of the following end the stimulation of the muscle fibre
- calcium
- sodium
- AChE
- ACh

A

AChE

99
Q

What ion trigger the movement of troponin to expose actins active site

A

Calcium

100
Q

What name is given for the point of attachment of a muscle on the move able end

A

Insertion

101
Q

Which of these rotates the neck
- platysma
- sternocleidomastoid
- trapezius

A

Sternocleidomastoid

102
Q

The major extensor of the elbow is

A

Triceps brachii

103
Q

The major extensor of the elbow is

A

Triceps brachii

Nursing (6 decks)

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