Anatomy Flashcards
Anatomy
the study of the structure and shape on the body and its parts and their relationships
Physiology
the study of how the body and its part work or function
What is the level of structure of organization?
Atoms, Molecules, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems
Atoms
tiny building block of matter (Oxygen, Hydrogen, Sodium)
Molecules
atoms come together to form ___ (Water, Sugar, and Proteins)
Cells
molecules combined form___. smallest living thing. common structures and functions, but individual ones vary in size shape, and role (Red Blood, White Blood, bone, skin)
Tissues
Cells come together to form ____. groups of similar cells which work together to perform a common goal or function
4 main types of tissue
Epithelial, Connective, muscle, and nervous
Epithelial
cover the body and organs, protecting and separating the body for its environment. (Think SKIN)
Connective
binds, connects, and cushions the body (think BONES)
Muscle
allow for contraction and movement
Nervous
allows for communication by transmitting electrical pulses
Organs
a collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit specialized to perform a particular function (Think LUNGS, LIVER, HEART)
Organ Systems
a group of anatomical structures in the body that work together to perform various functions
Homeostasis
a self-regulating process that living systems maintain in their internal physical and chemical conditions by adapting to survive in changing environments
How many Organ Systems are there? What are they?
11; Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive
Two examples of homeostasis explained:
- Body temp: if your body temp is too hot, blood vessels will dilate making you sweat to cool you down. If your body temp is too cold, they will constrict to help you retain body heat causing “goose bumps”
2.Blood sugar: keeps blood sugar regulated based on internal conditions like the amount of carb intake
What are the 3 main components of homeostasis?
receptor, control center, and effector
What are the 4 categories of organ systems based on their function?
- support, movement, and protection
- integration and condition
- maintenance of the body
- reproduction and development
Integumentary system organs
skin and accessory organs (nails and hair) skin is the largest organ
Integumentary system function
protects tissue, regulates body temp, and contains sensory organs
What category is the Integumentary System
support movement and protection
Label diagram of integumentary system
label
Skeletal System organs
bones, cartilage and ligaments. 206 bones
Skeletal system function
protects body parts, produces blood cells, store calcium and phosphorus salts.
What category is the skeletal system in?
support movement and protection
muscular system organs
skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle
muscular system function
moves voluntarily, responds to stimuli, produces body hear
What category is the muscular system in?
support movement and protection
3 main types of muscle tissue
cardiac, smooth, and skeletal
Involuntary Muscle
muscle that contract automatically without conscious thought (smooth and cardiac) Example: your heat beating or muscles in digestive system
Voluntary muscles
choosing to move your muscles while the nervous system assists with the movement. Example: chewing, swallowing, standing
nervous system organs
brain, spinal cord, and nerves
function of nervous system
conduct nerve impulses from the sense organs to the brain and then send those impulses as messages to the muscles and glands
What category is the nervous system in?
integration and coordination
Central nervous system
body’s processing center, manages what the body does including thoughts
Peripheral Nervous System
transmits signals between the brain and spinal cord and the rests of the body. Aides with sensation, movement, and unconscious processes
Endocrine system organs
(Harry Potter Got The Pot At Pauls Oak Tree)
hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries and testes
endocrine system function
secretes chemicals that are messengers between the body parts and organs. Aides in maintain proper functioning of the reproductive system
What category is the endocrine system in?
Integration and coordination
cardiovascular system organs
heart, blood vessels, and blood supply
cardiovascular system function
transports nutrients and oxygen to cell through blood while removing waste
what category is the cardiovascular system in?
what category is the cardiovascular system in?
lymphatic system organs (immune)
lymph nodes, thymus, tonsils, and spleen
lymphatic system function
protects body from disease and maintains a healthy internal environment
What category is the immune system in?
maintenance of body
respiratory system organs
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lungs
respiratory system functions
bring oxygen into the lungs while removing carbon dioxide out of the lungs
what category is the respiratory system in?
maintenance of the body
digestive system organs
digestive system function
c
what is the digestive systems category?
maintenance of the body
urinary system organs
kidney and urinary bladder
urinary system function
gets rid of wastes, helps regulate fluid levels and chemical content of the blood
what category is the urinary system in?
maintenance of the body
reproductive system males organs
testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penis
reproductive system females organs
ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus, and vagina
reproductive system males function
produce sex cells and sex hormones
reproductive system females function
produce sex cells, produce sex hormones, protect developing fetus
what category is the reproductive system in?
reproduction and development
Anatomical Postion
the body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward
