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Gastrointestinal > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Type of cells in the oesophagus

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Upper 1/3 striated muscle, lower 2/3 smooth muscle

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2
Q

Type of cells in the stomach

A

Parietal cells - eosinophillic (pink)
Chief cells - basophills

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3
Q

Function of brunner glands and where they are found

A

Bicarbonate secreting cells of submucosa found in the duodenum

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4
Q

Where is meissners nerve plexus found?

A

Submucosa

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5
Q

Where is aucherbach’s nerve plexus found

A

Muscularis externa (myenteric nerve plexus)

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6
Q

Difference in serosa vs adventitia

A

Serosa found intraperitonea
Adventitia found retroperitoneal

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7
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to foregut, mid gut and hind gut

A

Foregut - vagus
Mid gut - vagus
Hind gut - pelvis splanchnic nerves

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8
Q

What vertebral level does the coelic, SMA and IMA exit the aorta

A

Coelic - T12/ L1
SMA - L1
IMA - L3

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9
Q

3 main branches of coeliac trunk

A

Common hepatic
Splenic
Left gastric

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10
Q

Artery anatomoses supplying the stomach

A

Left gastric and right gastric (branch of common hepatic)
Left gastroepiploic (branch of left gastric) and right gastroepiploic (branch of common hepatic)

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11
Q

2 main watershed areas of the colon

A

Splenic flexure (SMA and IMA anastomosis)
Rectosigmoid junction (IMA and hypogastric artery - branch of ILA anastomosis)

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12
Q

Where in the rectum do anal fissures occur and why?

A

Posterior midline because its poorly perfused

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13
Q

Nerve supply to rectum

A

Above pectinate line - visceral innervation from inferior hypogastric plexus T12-L3

Below pectinate line - somatic innervation from pudendal nerve S2-S4

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14
Q

Nerve supply to rectum

A

Above pectinate line - visceral innervation from inferior hypogastric plexus T12-L3

Below pectinate line - somatic innervation from pudendal nerve S2-S4

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15
Q

Arterial supply to rectum

A

Above pectinate line - superior rectal artery (branch of IMA)
Below pectinate line - inderior rectal artery (branch of internal pudendal)

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16
Q

Venous drainage of rectum

A

Above pectinate line drains via superior rectal vein to IMV - splenic vein - portal circulation

Below pectinate line drains via inferior rectal vein to internal illiac- common illiac - IVC

17
Q

Venous drainage of rectum

A

Above pectinate line drains via superior rectal vein to IMV - splenic vein - portal circulation

Below pectinate line drains via inferior rectal vein to internal illiac- common illiac - IVC

18
Q

Lymphatic drainage of rectum

A

Above pectinate to internal illiac LN
Below pectinate to superficial inguinal LN

19
Q

Contents of femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve - artery - vein - lymphatics (in order from lateral to medial)

20
Q

Location of direct vs indirect hernias

A

MD’s dont Lie
Medial to epigastric vessels - direct
Lateral to epigastric vessels - indirect

21
Q

Direct vs indirect hernia paths

A

Indirect proteudes through deep and superficial rings and into the groin caused by failure of processus vaginalis to close

Direct protrudes through inguinal triangle due to weakness in traversalis fascia

22
Q

pnemonic for contents of inguinal canal

A

MALT
- 2 muscles, 2 aponeuroses, 2 ligaments, 2 T’s

SALT
- Superior, anterior, lower floor, posTerior

23
Q

contents of anterior wall of inguinal canal

A

aponeurosis of internal oblique and external oblique

24
Q

contents of posterior wall of inguinal canal

A

transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon

25
Q

contents of superior wall of inguinal canal

A

internal oblique and transversus abdominus

26
Q

contents of inferior wall of inguinal canal

A

inguinal and lacunar ligaments

27
Q

the external illiac artery become the femoral artery after crossing what structure

A

inguinal ligament

28
Q

normal rotation of the GI tract during development

A

270 counterclockwise rotation around superior mesenteri artery and returns to abdominal cavity by 10th week

29
Q

1st line treatment for hepatic encephalopathy and mode of action

A

lactulose
acdifies colonic contents and reduces absorption ammonia in the bowel

Gastrointestinal (21 decks)

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