Anatomy

Question 1

How many ribs do we have?

Answer 1

12 ribs total
- 7 true ribs
- 3 false ribs
- 2 floating ribs

Question 2

Muscles of inspiration

Answer 2

Diaphragm and external intercostals (+ some help from internal intercostals)

Question 3

External vs internal intercostals

Answer 3

External:
- Oriented upward and backward
Internal:
- Oriented upward and forward
BOTH:
- Elevate ribs
- Elevation of upper ribs increases A-P diameter of chest
- Elevation of lower ribs increase transverse diameter of chest

Question 4

Accessory breathing muscles

Answer 4

• SCM
• Scalenes
• Pec minor
• Pec major (sternocostal portion)
• Serratus anterior

Question 5

Muscles of exhalation

Answer 5

Quiet breathing: passive recoil
Forceful breathing: depress lower ribs and compress abdominal contents which pushes the diaphragm up
- rectus abdominis
- external obliques
- internal obliques
- TA

Question 6

Upper respiratory tract

Answer 6

• nasal cavity
• pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynogpharynx)
• larynx

Question 7

Lower respiratory tract

Answer 7

• Everything from the larynx to the alveoli
• Between the trachea and the alveoli the airways branch approximately 23 times

Question 8

Where does the trachea start and end (internal AND external landmarks)?

Answer 8

Internal: Starts at larynx, ends at the carina External: Starts at base of neck and ends at level of 4th thoracic vertebrae

Question 9

How many lobes does each lung have?

Answer 9

Right has 3, Left has 2