Anatomy

Question 1

Lumbar Vertebral body Shap

Answer 1

Largest; kidney-shaped

Question 2

lumbar Vertebral foramen size

Answer 2

relatively large

Question 3

lumbar S.P.s

Answer 3

blunt; projects straight posterior

Question 4

Lumbar T.P.s

Answer 4

project straight lateral

Question 5

Apophyseal facets –

Answer 5

– in sagittal plane

Question 6

◦ Superior facets

Answer 6

Face Medial

Question 7

◦ Inferior facets –

Answer 7

Face lateral

Question 8

Unique feature of the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 8

mamillary processes (attachment
site for multifidi in lumbar)

Question 9

Apophyseal Facet Joints Structure:

Answer 9

Synovial

Question 10

Apophyseal Facet Joints Function

Answer 10

Gliding

Question 11

Intervertebral Discs Functions

Answer 11

1. Flexibility
2. Creates lordotic curve in cervical and lumbar spine
3. Height
4. Shock Absorption – this occurs when the incompressible
   nucleus causes the end plate to bulge into and
   compress the cancellous bone (with a network of
   trabeculae to absorb the force)

Question 12

Structure of intervertebral discs

Answer 12

1. Annulus Fibrosis
   * Outer layer
   * Fibrocartilaginous
2. Nucleus pulposus
   * Inner layer
   * Gel-like matrix
3. End Plate
   - Attaches to vertebral body
   - Consists of both hyaline and fibrocartilage

Question 13

disk Annulus Fibrosis

Answer 13

• Outer layer
• Fibrocartilaginous

Question 14

Disk Nucleus pulposus

Answer 14

• Inner layer
• Gel-like matrix

Question 15

Disk End plate

Answer 15

• Attaches to vertebral body
• Consists of both hyaline and fibrocartilage

Question 16

Intervertebral discs Shape

Answer 16

shape/size of its vertebral bodies

Question 17

Disks In lumbar and cervical spine:

Answer 17

is thicker anteriorly and
thinner posteriorly
◦ Creates lordotic curve

Question 18

Disk End Plates

Answer 18

• layers of cartilage
• covers the entire nucleus pulposus but not the entire annulus fibrosis
• consists of both hyaline and fibrocartilage

Question 19

Anterior Longitudinal
Ligament

Answer 19

*Attaches to anterior spine, from occiput to sacrum
*Attaches to vertebral bodies, not to discs
*Becomes taut during spinal extension

Question 20

Posterior Longitudinal
Ligament

Answer 20

*Attaches to posterior vertebral bodies, from occiput to
sacrum
*Waisted: wider over disc, narrower over vertebrae
*Attaches to both vertebrae and discs
*Becomes taut during spinal flexion

Question 21

Ligamentum flava

Answer 21

*Segmental
*Attaches to inner aspect of lamina
*Highest percentage of elastic fibres of all ligaments
*Always taut; most taut during spinal flexion

Question 22

Iliolumbar Ligament

Answer 22

*Attaches from posterior iliac crest to TPs of L4 and L5
*Becomes taut during flexion and side-bending