Anatomy Flashcards
Prickle cell layer because of the cells prickly shape
Living cells containing a nucleus
Stratum spinosum
The layer in which mitosis takes place, melanocytes are located in this stratum
Stratum germinativum
Ultraviolet rays from sunlight reacts with the amino acids tyrosine found in the melanocytes and produce melanin
Stratum germinativum
This layer is only a single cell layer above the stratum germinativum
The stratum___ combined with the stratum germinativum is known as the malpighian layer
Stratum mucosum
This layer gets its name from the transparent nature of the cells that contain eleidin, a clear substance
Stratum lucidum
Also known as the granular layer, lies at the bottom of the horny zone
The lower cells have nuclei and are still living
St. Granulosum
The outer most layer where skin cells constantly shed
St. Corneum
Often called the living layer or “true skin”
Also divided into 2 layers called the papillary layer and reticular layer
The dermis
Lies directly below the epidermis and is made of elastic collegenous
This layer also forms the connective tissue sheath around hair follicle
The papillary layer
The thickest layer of the skin, this layer is composed of dense bundles of collagen fibers
The reticular layer
Appendages of the reticular layer
Arrector pili muscle
Blood vessels
Fat cells
Hair follicle
Lymph vessels
Nerve ending
Sebaceous glands
Sudoriferous glads
This sweat glands is under the control of the sympathetic nervous system
Found deep in the dermis & have tubular ducts extending all the way up to the pores of the epidermis
Sudoriferous glands
This glad is found in the genitalia area & in axillae usually open into hair follicles
This gland is also believed to excrete pheromones
Apocrine gland
This gland is found all over the body
Eccrine glands
This gland is found all over the skin, secretes sebum,found in greater numbers on the scalp,T-zone
Sebaceous glands
Carry’s impulses to the brain
Meissner corpuscles are responsible for touch
Nerve ending
Also called the pilosebaceous unit
Hair
At the base of the dermis is a layer of fatty tissue ___ layer, subcutis or adipose layer
The subcutaneous layer
The outer root sheath of the canal is formed from what?
The basal cell layer
The inner side of the follicle canal, which is made of horny epidermal tissue is called
The external root sheath
The base of the follicular canal widens to the____
Hair follicle bulb
The area where the hair grows contains the dividing cells of the hair matrix the produces the hair and the protective external and inner root sheath
The bulb
The____ contains the blood supply needed for providing nutrients for growth as well as the hormones that stimulate hair growth
Papillae/ papilla
This gland lubricates the hair, preventing it from breaking also prevents epidermis from drying and prevents bacteria and germs from interning the skin
Sebaceous glands
3 layers of the hair
- Cuticle
- Cortex
3.medulla
Outer most of the hair layer
Composed of transparent cells that overlaps like scales
Protects the inner layers of hair
The Cuticle
The middle layer, Gives hair its strength and elasticity
The cortex
The inner most of the hair
Also called the pith or marrow
The medulla
3 types of hair
1.lanugo
2.vellus
3.terminal
Soft downy hair also called fetal hair
Often sheds a few weeks after birth
Lanugo
Often confused with lanugo
Present thru adulthood, fine & short often called “peach fuzz”
Women are believed to have 55% more then men
Vellus
Longer coarser pigmented hair
Found in groins and axillae
Terminal.
3 stages of hair grown
1.growing (anagen)
2. Transitional (Catagen)
3.resting (telogen)
The hair follicle is at its deepest
The Hair matrix is active
Anagaen -the growing phase
The hair follicle separates from the dermal papilla ,the follicle shrinks to about a third of its anagen size
The shortest hair growth phase lasting only a few days up to a few weeks
Catagen- the transitional phase
The follicle is one third it’s original anagen size, the base of the hair looks like a club( club hair)
Telogen- the resting phase
The functions of the skin
The body’s largest sensory organs
Protection
Heat regulation
Excretion
Secretion
Absorption
Sensation
Synthesis of vitamin D
Unites of structure in protein that helps break down simple sugar and fats
Amino acids
Hair that has lost its root structure and that ,when sheds from the follicle exhibits round shape
Club hair
Fibrous tissue that binds protects cushions and supports the various parts of the body
Connective tissue
The act of exfoliating dead skin cells
Desquamation
The process of widening or expanding
Dilation
Clear lifeless matter deposited in the form of minutes keratohyalin granules in the protoplasm’s of living cells
Eleidin
The tissue that forms a thin protective layer on bodily surfaces
Epithelial tissue
The depression in the skin that houses the entire pilosebaceous unit
Follicular canal
The skin and it’s necessary organs such as the sebaceous and sweat glands, sensory receptors,hair and nails
Integumentary system
A skin layer made of the st. Mucosum and the st. Germaniativum
Malpighian
Called found in the epidermis that warms against the invasion of microorganisms and responds to that invasion
Langerhans cells
The most superficial layer of the dermis
Papillary layer
A deep layer of the dermis so posed of dense bundles of collagen fibers contains vessels glands nerve ending and follicles
Reticular layer
Layers of tissue that lack blood vessel acts as a surface barrier
Stratified epithelium
An amino acid present in melanocytes
Tyrosine
Over growth of tissue ,increase in number of cells
OMA
