Anatomy Flashcards
What is in the superior boundary of the abdomen
- costal margin
- xiphoid process
- floating ribs (11 &12)
What is in the inferior boundary of the abdomen
- hip bones
- Anterior superior iliac spine
- Iliac crest
- Pubic tubercle
- Pubic symphysis
Where can we palpate the gall bladder?
9th costal cartilage
What are the 2 planes that divide the abdomen?
- Median plane
- Transumblical plane
What are the structures in the right upper quadrant?
and pylorus of stomach
What are the structures in the left upper quadrant?
What are the structures in the right lower quadrant?
can palpate cecum, appendix and ovary
What are the structures in the left lower quadrant?
What are the 9 quadrants of the abdomen
Where is the subcostal plane
L3 vertebrae and tip of 10th costal cartilage
Where is intertubercular plane?
L5 vertebrae
What can you palpate at the right hypochondrium?
Liver, gallbladder
What can you palpate at the epigastric region
stomach
What can you palpate at the left hypochondrium?
Spleen
What can you palpate at the right and left loin?
Kidneys
What can you palpate at the right groin?
Appendix and cecum
What can you palpate at the left groin?
Sigmoid colon
What can you palpate at the hypogastric/suprapubic region
Bladder
What are the 3 muscles in the abdominal wall
External oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominus
What is rectus abdominal muscle covered by?
rectus sheath
The rectus sheath is formed by the aponeurosus of …
External oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis
Where does the rectus sheath stop?
Below Arcuate line, only transversalis fascia from then on
Where is the inguinal canal
In between the superficial inguinal ring and deep inguinal ring
What is the anterior wall of the ingunial canal mainly formed by?
External oblique aponeurosis
What are the 2 layers of the peritonium?
Parital peritonium and visceral peritonium
What is the peritonium that covers the liver and stomach?
Lesser omentum
How does the coeliac trunk split?
How to differentiate splenic artery from vein?
Artery is more curly, vein is thin and collapsed
What splits the liver to left or right lobe?
Falciform ligament
What is the ligament between the stomach and the spleen?
Gastrosplenic ligament
What is the ligament between the kidney and the spleen?
Splenorenal ligament
Where does the neurovascular bundle run?
Internal oblique and transverse abdominalis
How is the abdomen bounded?
Where is the transpyloric plane?
L1, tip of 9th costal cartilage
What is this line?
What is this line?
What are the layers of the abdominal wall?
What are the muscles in the anterior wall of the abdomen?
What are the muscles in the lateral wall of the abdomen?
What are the muscles in the posterior wall of the abdomen?
The lowest fibers of the interna, oblique and transverse abdominis join to form the _______________.
Conjoint tendon
Where is the neurovascular bundle present in the abdomen?
Internal oblique and transversus abdominis
What is the difference of the rectus sheath above and below the umbilicus?
What is the blood supply for the rectus muscle?
Superior (from mammary artery) and inferior (from external iliac) epigastric artery
What is the motor innervation of external oblique, internal oblique and rectus abdominis
What are the dermatomes of epigastrium, umbilicus, inferior to umbilicus and inguinal & pubis?
Which muscle is the most powerful flexor of the vertebral column?
Rectus abdominis
Need to know abt the walls of the inguinal canal
What is the difference between mid-inguinal point and the midpoint of inguinal ligament?
_______ is a double layered extension or fold of peritoneum
Omentum
____________ is a fold connecting an organ to the posterior abdominal wall and conduit for vessels, nerves and lymphatics supplying viscera
Mesentery
The portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct run within the …
lesser omentum near its free edge
What organs are retroperitoneal?
What are the epiploic foramen boundaries?
Describe the stomach
What are the relations of the stomach
What constitutes of foregut, midgut and hindgut?
What is the arterial supply of foregut, midgut and hindgut?
What are the branches of abdominal aorta?
What are the branches of the celiac trunk?
What does sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves of the stomach stimulat
What is the space between the liver and diaphram?
Subphrenic recess
What are the lobs and impressions on the liver?
Describe the portal vein
Where are the portal-systemic anastomoses?
Where are the portal-systemic anastomoses for veins?
describe the biliary system
Describe gall bladder innervation
Describe the spleen
What do plain x-rays of the abdomen detect?
What do ultrasound of the abdomen detect?
What are the pros and cons of ultrasound
What are these
Gall stones in ultrasound
How does a CT scan help for diagnosis in thw abdomen?
pros and cons of MRI
When to do ERCP
Name of salivary glands
describe histo of parotid gland
where is the nerve tissue in the esophagus
Submucosa, muscularis propria (Myenteric plexis)
The supracolic and infracolic compartment is split by …
Mesentery of transverse colon
Describe the pancreas
Describe the relations pancreas
What is the arterial supply to pancreas?
What is the venous drainage from pancreas?
Splenic vein and portal vein
Describe the duodenum
What vertebra is each part of the duodenum related to?
Describe the neurovasculature of the duodenum
What is the difference between jeujunum and ileum?
What is the blood supply of jejunum and ileum?
Describe the nerve supply to the small intestine
