Anatomy Flashcards by thanya mathavan

Q

What is in the superior boundary of the abdomen

A

costal margin
xiphoid process
floating ribs (11 &12)

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Q

What is in the inferior boundary of the abdomen

A

hip bones
Anterior superior iliac spine
Iliac crest
Pubic tubercle
Pubic symphysis

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Q

Where can we palpate the gall bladder?

A

9th costal cartilage

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Q

What are the 2 planes that divide the abdomen?

A

Median plane
Transumblical plane

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Q

What are the structures in the right upper quadrant?

A

and pylorus of stomach

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Q

What are the structures in the left upper quadrant?

A

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Q

What are the structures in the right lower quadrant?

A

can palpate cecum, appendix and ovary

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Q

What are the structures in the left lower quadrant?

A

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Q

What are the 9 quadrants of the abdomen

A

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Q

Where is the subcostal plane

A

L3 vertebrae and tip of 10th costal cartilage

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Q

Where is intertubercular plane?

A

L5 vertebrae

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Q

What can you palpate at the right hypochondrium?

A

Liver, gallbladder

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Q

What can you palpate at the epigastric region

A

stomach

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Q

What can you palpate at the left hypochondrium?

A

Spleen

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Q

What can you palpate at the right and left loin?

A

Kidneys

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Q

What can you palpate at the right groin?

A

Appendix and cecum

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Q

What can you palpate at the left groin?

A

Sigmoid colon

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Q

What can you palpate at the hypogastric/suprapubic region

A

Bladder

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Q

What are the 3 muscles in the abdominal wall

A

External oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominus

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Q

What is rectus abdominal muscle covered by?

A

rectus sheath

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Q

The rectus sheath is formed by the aponeurosus of …

A

External oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis

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Q

Where does the rectus sheath stop?

A

Below Arcuate line, only transversalis fascia from then on

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Q

Where is the inguinal canal

A

In between the superficial inguinal ring and deep inguinal ring

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Q

What is the anterior wall of the ingunial canal mainly formed by?

A

External oblique aponeurosis

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What are the 2 layers of the peritonium?

Parital peritonium and visceral peritonium

What is the peritonium that covers the liver and stomach?

Lesser omentum

How does the coeliac trunk split?

How to differentiate splenic artery from vein?

Artery is more curly, vein is thin and collapsed

What splits the liver to left or right lobe?

Falciform ligament

What is the ligament between the stomach and the spleen?

Gastrosplenic ligament

What is the ligament between the kidney and the spleen?

Splenorenal ligament

Where does the neurovascular bundle run?

Internal oblique and transverse abdominalis

How is the abdomen bounded?

Where is the transpyloric plane?

L1, tip of 9th costal cartilage

What is this line?

What is this line?

What are the layers of the abdominal wall?

What are the muscles in the anterior wall of the abdomen?

What are the muscles in the lateral wall of the abdomen?

What are the muscles in the posterior wall of the abdomen?

The lowest fibers of the interna, oblique and transverse abdominis join to form the _______________.

Conjoint tendon

Where is the neurovascular bundle present in the abdomen?

Internal oblique and transversus abdominis

What is the difference of the rectus sheath above and below the umbilicus?

What is the blood supply for the rectus muscle?

Superior (from mammary artery) and inferior (from external iliac) epigastric artery

What is the motor innervation of external oblique, internal oblique and rectus abdominis

What are the dermatomes of epigastrium, umbilicus, inferior to umbilicus and inguinal & pubis?

L1 branches ...

Iliohypogastric nerve, ilio-inguinal nerve

Which muscle is the most powerful flexor of the vertebral column?

Rectus abdominis

what are the 4 walls of the inguinal canal?

Anterior wall, floor, roof, posterior wall, conjoint tendon

Need to know abt the walls of the inguinal canal

What is the difference between mid-inguinal point and the midpoint of inguinal ligament?

The peritoneum is a single continuous layer of ....

simple squamous epithelium, mesothelium

How are the omenta, ligaments and mesenteries formed?

By peritoneum folding over itself

What is the function of the greater omentum?

Wraps around inflamed organ in the abdomen and protects other organs from it

_______ is a double layered extension or fold of peritoneum

Omentum

______________ is a fold connecting one organ with another organ or one organ with any area of the body wall

ligament

____________ is a fold connecting an organ to the posterior abdominal wall and conduit for vessels, nerves and lymphatics supplying viscera

Mesentery

The portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct run within the ...

lesser omentum near its free edge

What organs are retroperitoneal?

__________ is the passage between the greater sac and lesser sac

Epiploic (omental) foramen

What are the epiploic foramen boundaries?

Describe the stomach

What are the relations of the stomach

What constitutes of foregut, midgut and hindgut?

What is the arterial supply of foregut, midgut and hindgut?

What are the branches of abdominal aorta?

What are the branches of the celiac trunk?

What does sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves of the stomach stimulat

What is the space between the liver and diaphram?

Subphrenic recess

What is the space between the liver and right kidney?

Hepatorenal recess

What are the lobs and impressions on the liver?

Describe the portal vein

Where are the portal-systemic anastomoses?

Where are the portal-systemic anastomoses for veins?

describe the biliary system

Describe gall bladder innervation

Describe the spleen

What do plain x-rays of the abdomen detect?

What do ultrasound of the abdomen detect?

What are the pros and cons of ultrasound

What are these

Gall stones in ultrasound

How does a CT scan help for diagnosis in thw abdomen?

pros and cons of MRI

When to do ERCP

Describe the epithelium of inner surface of the lips

Stratified squamous epithelium

Name of salivary glands

describe histo of parotid gland

where is the nerve tissue in the esophagus

Submucosa, muscularis propria (Myenteric plexis)

The supracolic and infracolic compartment is split by ...

Mesentery of transverse colon

Describe the pancreas

Describe the relations pancreas

What is the arterial supply to pancreas?

What is the venous drainage from pancreas?

Splenic vein and portal vein

Describe the duodenum

What vertebra is each part of the duodenum related to?

Describe the neurovasculature of the duodenum

What is the difference between jeujunum and ileum?

What is the blood supply of jejunum and ileum?

Describe the nerve supply to the small intestine