anatomy Flashcards
How does humeral elevation take place over two area and what is the advantage of this?
one third of the motion comes from scapula while the other two thirds comes from the GH joint
two advatagnes to the divistion
-opitmized length tension of the muscle involved
-brings the glenoid under the humeral head to decrease demand on musculature
What are the coupled motions of the shoulder?
- cervical spine with single arm elevation must sidebend towards and rotate away
- lumbar spine with double arm elevation must extend
- One third of shoulder motion from ST joint
- 2/3 of shoulder motion from GH
- upper thoracic side bend and rotate towards Theodoridis, “The effect of shoulder movements on thoracic spine 3D motion.” Clinical Biomechanics (2002)
What is the resting position of the shoulder and how is this significant for therapy?
1.position where intracapuslar space is greatest and tension on soft tissues is least
2.ABD 70, FLEX 30, ER 30, elbow flex 60
ITs important because
-it the begin position for articulations
-also best position to start exercises because of optimal muscle recruitment and mechno stimulation
What is the closed pack position of the AC, SC and GH joints?
- GH max ABD, ER, EXT or IR, EXT, ADD
- AC ABD 90
- SC: full ELEVATION or max HORZ ADD
What is the capsular pattern of the shoulder?
- shoulder cap pat: reduced ER, ABD, IR
2. Capsular pattern is an effective way for identifying arthritic condition due to the irritation of the synovial lining
What impact does the incongruence of the GH joint configuration have on the mobility of the shoulder girdle?
- The shoulder trades mobility for stability by having decreased congruence of joint surfaces. the head of the humerus is is much larger that the glenoid
- the rotation of the scapula on the clavicale at the AC joint allows for increased congruency of the glenoid and humeral head
what are the attachments of the labrum?
1basal surface attaches to the rim of the glenoid cavity
- outer surfaces attachs to the capsule, ligaments
- innersurface linded with cartilage
- the upper edge is not completely fixed to the bone
- the inner edge lies free like a meniscus
- inferior GH ligament
- long head biceps tendon
What is the function of the glenoid labrum?
- protect joint edges from loading
- aid in lubrication of the joint by increase surface area to distribute synovial fluid
- deepen the glenoid cavity
- increase GH stability
What is the humeral neck?
It is defined as the area between the articular surface and the attachments of the capsule and muscles.
What is the size and orientation of the humeral head>
- the head faces medially superiorly, and posteriorly 30 deg
- the humeral head is angulated at 135 decrease 3.relative to the shaft
- Radius of curvature is 2.25 cm
what are the basic causes of the capsular pattern?
- Capsular pattern can be due to
- a capsular adhesion
- neuromuscular guarding
What attaches to the glenoid labrum?
- rim of the glenoid cavity
- capsule
- long head of the biceps tendon
- inferior GH ligament
how does the labrum contribute to GH stability?
- doubles the anteroposterior depth of the glenoid socket from 2.5 to 5 mm and deepens the concavity to 9 mm in the superior–inferior plane
- the labrum enhances stability of the joint by
increasing the surface area of contact for the humeral head - the labrum serves as a fibrocartilaginous ring to
which the glenohumeral ligaments attach.
Itoigawa, “Anatomy of the capsulolabral complex and rotator interval related to glenohumeral instability.” (2016)
what is the humeral neck?
It is defined as the area between the articular surface and the attachments of the capsule and muscles.
How big is the the humeral neck
- it varies in size from one cm to undetectable
2. Most narrow at the RTC insertions
What is the function of the greater tubercle?
- increases the lever arm of both the suprapinatus (30 degree or greater) and the deltoid (greater than 60 degree)
- works like the patella in the quad
What covers the intertubercular groove?
- transverse humeral ligament and coracohumeral ligament
- pec major
- deltoid
What muscle attach along the tubercular groove?
- lateral to the groove is supraspinatus and pec major
2. medial to the groove are supscap, lat, teres major and coracobrachilais
How big the GH joint capsule?
It is a large loose sleeve around the GH joint with twice the surface area of the humeral head and can be distracted so that the head of the humerus can be displaced more than a cm
What are the different fibers of the GH joint capsule?
- longitudinal- connecting bone to bone and tensioning with IR and ER
- circular- do not go bone to bone, but increase stability of capsule
- spiral- connect the two systems
What muscles tie into the GH capsule?
- RTC
- teres major
- pec major
What ligaments tie into the GH capsule?
GH and coracohumeral
How are the synovial folds and adhesive capsulitis related?
- Synovial folds can become inflamed and adhere together resulting in non contractile loss of ROM in a capsular pattern (ER, ABD, IR)
- Research show that the primary cause of adhesive capsulitis is a contracted GH capsule and vascular synovitis combined with an neuromuscular pattern of guarding
What are the attachments and orientation of the GH ligaments?
- They are “Z” shaped in their attachment pattern
2. They are attached to the anterior and medial glenoid rim and run to the lessor tubercle and anatomical neck