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week 5 - osteoporosis > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

why does the calcaneus stick out?

A

increase the length of the foot which allows us to take bigger strides

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2
Q

what are the 7 tarsals of the foot?

A

proximal
-calcaneus (heel bone)
-talus
intermediate
-navicular
distal
-cuboid
-3x cuneiforms (lateral, intermediate, medial)

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3
Q

how many metatarsals do we have?

A

5

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4
Q

how many phalanges do we have?

A

14

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5
Q

what is the true ankle joint?

A

talocrucal joint
-fibula, tibia and talus
-dorsi & plantarflexion

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6
Q

what is the subtler joint?

A

talocalcaneal joint
-talus, calcaneus
-eversion and inversion

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7
Q

what are the main ligaments of the foot?

A

medial (deltoid) ligament
4 named parts
lateral ligament (separate)
3 named parts

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8
Q

what is an ankle sprain?

A

when a ligament is sprained to an extreme extent

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9
Q

what is a muscle strain?

A

affects muscle or where muscle attaches to tendon

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10
Q

what is the retinacula?

A

stop the stringing of tendons

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11
Q

what are the 3 muscular compartments?

A

3 groups of retinacula
flexor
extensor - sup and inf
fibular - sup and inf

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12
Q

what is in the posterior part of the leg?

A

superficial ankle flexors

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13
Q

how many muscles are in the superficial posterior flexor compartment of the leg?

A

3, 2 powerful flexors
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
all insert in the calcaneus tuberosity
all have flexion at the true ankle joint
inversion at the subtalar joint

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14
Q

gastrocnemius muscle?

A

origin: femur epicondyles
most superficial
flexor at the ankle and knee
medial and lateral heads

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15
Q

soleus muscle?

A

origin - fibular head- tendinous arch - solar line (plantaris)
big muscle
attaches along solear line
does not cross knee and ankle

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16
Q

plantaris muscle?

A

small
small muscle belly and long tendon
sometimes harvested for tendon grafting
crosses both knee and ankle joint

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17
Q

what are the deep ankle flexors?

A

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
flexion at the true ankle joint
inversion at the subtalar joint

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18
Q

tibialis posterior muscle?

A

lateral
attaches to posterior of tibia
travels medially
attaches to medial tarsus

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19
Q

what is the tarsal tunnel?

A

Tom dick and very naughty harry
(anterior to posterior)
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
posterior tibial artery
tibial nerve
flexor ha;;ucis longus

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20
Q

what causes tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

compression of the tibial nerve

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21
Q

what are the medial anterior ankle extensor muscles of the leg?

A

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus

22
Q

tibialis anterior muscle?

A

attaches onto medial metatarsal superiorly
inversion at the subtalar joint

23
Q

extensor hallicus longus?

A

inversion at the subtalar joint

24
Q

extensor digitorum longus muscle?

A

goes to lateral digits
greater line of pull for eversion

25
Q

what are the lateral (fibular) group of muscle?

A

fibulas longus
fibulas brevis
eversion at the subtalar joint
plantar flexion at the true ankle joint

26
Q

fibulas longus muscle?

A

most superficial
tendon crosses over and attaches medially

27
Q

what are the 3 arches of the foot?

A

medial longitudinal arch
lateral longitudinal arch
transverse arch

28
Q

medial longitudinal arch?

A

made up of medial cuneiform and intermediate
5th metatarsal and calcaneusplantar aponeurosis important
dynamic support comes from muscles and tendons

29
Q

lateral longitudinal arch?

A

cuboid and lateral cuneiform
plantar aponeurosis important
dynamic support comes from muscles and tendons

30
Q

transverse arch?

A

tendon of tibialis posterior attaches inferiorly
fibulas longus on lateral side

31
Q

what gives the dynamic support to the foot arch?

A

tibialis posterior
tibialis anterior
flexor hallicus longus
fibulas longus
intrinsic plantar muscles

32
Q

what gives the passive support to the foot arch?

A

plantar aponeurosis

33
Q

what is the spring ligament

A

plantar calcineal ligament
pivotal in maintaining medial arch
damage can cause flat footedness

34
Q

what are the 2 main superficial veins?

A

lesser saphenous vein
greater saphenous vein

35
Q

where does lesser saphenous vein drain to?

A

drains into the popliteal vein

36
Q

where does greater saphenous vein drainage to?

A

drains into the femoral vein

37
Q

what does the popliteal artery change to?

A

splits into
posterior tibial artery
anterior tibial

38
Q

what does the anterior tibial change into as it reaches the foot?

A

dorsalis pedis - superficial

39
Q

what does the posterior tibial artery split into?

A

plantar medial (bigger) and lateral

40
Q

what are the anastomoses around the knee?

A

5 branches come off

41
Q

where is the great saphenous vein?

A

medial
starts in foot
travels all the way up

42
Q

what is the artery in the foot that rounds along the tarsals?

A

accurate artery

43
Q

where is the small saphenous vein?

A

posterior and laterally
only travels to popliteal

44
Q

what are the 3 main nerves for there free portion of the limb?

A

-femoral (anterior and thigh)
-sciatic (back of the thigh +leg+foot)
-obturator (medial group at the thigh, i.e adductors)

45
Q

what supplies the nerve supply for the lower limb?

A

lumbar and sacral plexus

46
Q

what does the common fibular nerve split into?

A

deep fibular
superficial fibular

47
Q

what does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

anterior compartment
extensors of knee
rectus femoris

48
Q

what does the tibial nerve split into?

A

medial plantar
lateral plantar

49
Q

what does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

adductors of the thigh, medial compartment of leg

50
Q

what does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

posterior compartment +leg +foot

51
Q

what is the nerve supply of the leg?

A

tibial nerve posterior compartment of the leg
superficial fibular nerve - lateral compartment of the leg
deep fibular nerve - anterior compartment of the leg

52
Q

what is the nerve supply of the leg?

A

tibial portion- hamstring muscles
fibular portion - short head of biceps

week 5 - osteoporosis (6 decks)

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