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EXAM > Anatomy 1.5 > Flashcards

Anatomy 1.5 Flashcards

1
Q

what foramen does the ophthalmic artery & optic nerve go through?

A

optic canal

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2
Q

what foramen does the superior & inferior ophthalmic vein, and CN III, IV, frontal & nasociliary of V1 & VI go through?

A

superior orbital fissure

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3
Q

what foramen does the inferior ophthalmic veins, infraorbital artery & vein and zygomatic n & infraorbital br of maxillary n V2, and orbital branches of pterygopalatine ganglion go through?

A

inferior orbital fissure

in sphenoid & maxilla bones

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4
Q

what foramen does the maxillary nerve CN V2 go through?

A

foramen rotundum

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5
Q

what foramen does the accessory meningeal artery & mandibular nerve (CN V3) go through?

A

foramen ovale

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6
Q

what foramen do the posterior meningeal a, ascending pharyngeal a, inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus, internal jugular vein, and CNs IX, X, XI go through?

A

jugular foramen

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7
Q

Muscles posterior to the kidneys

A

quadratus lumborum, diaphragm, psoas major, transversus abdominis

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8
Q

Organs in relation to right kidney:
anterior?
superior?

A
  • hepatic flexure of colon

- liver, adrenal gland

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9
Q

Organs in relation to left kidney:
anterior?
superior?

A
  • stomach, pancreatic tail

- spleen, adrenal gland

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10
Q

Organs in direct contact with right kidney?

A
  • R suprarenal gland, duodenum, colon
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11
Q

Organs in direct contact with left kidney?

A
  • L suprarenal gland, pancreas, colon
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12
Q

4 structures of the renal sinus

A

renal artery bracnhes
renal vein tributaries
major & minor calyces
fat

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13
Q

A->P renal hilum structures

A

Vein
Artery
Ureter

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14
Q

What is epidermis made of?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium with an underlying basal lamina

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15
Q

5 layers of epidermis from top to bottom?

A
  1. stratum Corneum
  2. stratum Lucidum
  3. stratum Granulosum
  4. stratum Spinosum (thickest)
  5. stratum Germinativum
    come lets get some gin
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16
Q

Flat, dead, scale-like cells filled with keratin, that continually sheds - which layer of epidermis?

A

stratum corneum (1st layer)

17
Q

Clear layer - present in thick skin only - which layer of epidermis?

A

stratum lucidum (2nd)

18
Q

cells form links with neighbours: which layer of epidermis?

A

stratum granulosum (3rd)

19
Q

Squamous cells begin keratin synthesis: which layer of epidermis?

A

stratum spinosum (4th layer & thickest)

20
Q

single basement membrane layer of Columnar epithelial cells containing melanocytes
- and gives rise to keratinocytes: which layer of epidermis?

A

Stratum Germinativum (5th)

21
Q

What happens in brown-sequard syndrome? i.e. hemisection of spinal cord

A

IL loss of proprioception & UMN signs

CL loss pain & temp

22
Q

5 ways the spinal cord can be injured? viint

A
  1. Vascular - stroke (rare), aortic dissection complication
  2. Infection - historically TB, epidural abscesses etc
  3. Inflammatory - RA, OA (osteophyte compression) etc
  4. Neoplasia - direct invasion (rare), path vert #
  5. Trauma - direct/disc protrusion
23
Q

Where does the spinal cord start & end?

What anchors the cord?

A

medulla oblongata -> tapers at level of L1/2 interspace in adult
Filum terminale anchors cord to the 1st coccygeal vertebra

24
Q

What incompletely divides the spinal cord into 2 symmetrical halves?

A

Dorsal median sulcus & Ventral median fissure

25
Q

Grey matter surrounds the central canal of the SC and is continuous rostrally with the CNS ventricular system
What is it subdivided cytoarchitecturally into?

A

Rexeds laminae

26
Q

Afferent fibres entering through the dorsal roots of the spinal cord usually terminate near their point of entry. But they may travel for varying distances in what tract?

A

Lissauers tract = posterolateral tract

- in this way may establish synaptic connections over several levels

27
Q

What is at the tip of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?

What does the ventral horn contain?

A
  • Afferents at tip of dorsal horn ass with nociceptive stimuli
  • Ventral horn contains neurones that innervate skeletal muscle
28
Q

Sciatic nerve splits into which nerves?

Where does injury often occur?

A

tibial & common peroneal

neck of the fibula

29
Q

Features of a common peroneal nerve lesion?

A
  • weakness of foot dorsiflexion - foot drop
  • weakness of foot eversion
  • weakness of extensor hallucis longus
  • sensory loss over dorsum of foot & lower lateral part of leg
  • wasting of anterior tibial & peroneal muscles

EXAM (21 decks)

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