Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Scapula
A
Shoulder blade
2
Q
Humerus
A
Upper arm bone
3
Q
Joints
A
Connect 2 or more bones
4
Q
Bones
A
Structurally support the body
Blood cell manufacturing
Highly vascular -> heal quickly
5
Q
Organ
A
Structure composed of different tissues that perform specialized tasks
6
Q
Tissue
A
Groups of similar cells that unite to perform a specific function
7
Q
Cells
A
10 trillion
200 different types
The parts of the cells are called organelles
8
Q
Superior
A
Situated closer to the crown of the head
9
Q
Inferior
A
Situated further away from the crown of the head
10
Q
Lateral
A
Further from the midline
11
Q
Medial
A
Closer to the midline
12
Q
Supine
A
On your back
13
Q
Prone
A
Body face down
14
Q
Proximal
A
Origin or top of limb
15
Q
Distal
A
End of the limb or further from the origin of the limb
16
Q
Posterior
A
Situated after or behind
17
Q
Anterior
A
Situated in front
18
Q
2 sections of the skeleton
A
Axial and appendicular
19
Q
4 main tissues
A
Connective, nerve, muscle, epithelial
20
Q
Pectoralis major & minor
A
“Breast muscle”, right at the front of the chest
21
Q
Biceps
A
Front side of the upper arm
Bends the elbow
Pairs with the tricep
22
Q
Forearm flexors
A
On front side of lower arm
Helps you go into wrist flexion (when your hand points down)
23
Q
Forearm extensor
A
On your posterior forearm
Helps your wrist go into extension (when your wrist is pointing up)
24
Q
Latisimis Dorsi
A
Flat muscle on the back that stretches to the sides, behind the arm
Right below your scapula
Moves the arm back in space
25
Triceps
Three-headed muscle on the back of the arm
Pairs with the bicep
26
Deltoids
Seashell shaped muscle that forms the rounded counter on the human shoulder
Split up into anterior, posterior, and middle
27
Levator Scapulae
From top of spine to the medial edge of the shoulder blade
Elevates the scapula
28
Trapezius
Triangle shaped muscle that goes all the way from C1 to T12
Split into upper, middle, lower
Use them when you shrug or pull your shoulders back
29
Cartilage
Flexible connective tissue
Absorbs shock
Distributes force
Non-vascular
Wraps the end of bones
30
Ligaments
Connects bone to bone
Extremely tough collagen fibres
Mostly non-vascular
Most irreparable connective tissue
Duct tape of the body
31
Tendons
Connects muscle to bone or muscle to muscle
Tough elastin & collagen fibres
Reluctant to stretch
Vascular but heals slowly
32
3 types of muscle
Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal
33
Sprain
Torn ligament
34
Strain
Torn tendon
35
Muscles
~ 800 in the body
Work to produce movement by contracting
36
Cardiac muscle
Found in the heart
Squeezes blood from your heart
Run in many directions
Involuntary
37
Smooth muscle
Found in organs
Controlled by autonomic nervous system
38
Skeletal muscles
Under the skin, attached to bones, help with motion of body
Run in a single direction (contracts)
Voluntary
Mobility and stability
Work in agonist/antagonist relationship
39
Concentric contraction
Muscle shortens continuously while moving through a range of motion
40
Isometric contraction
Muscles generate force & tension but doesn’t change in length, bones not moving
41
Eccentric contraction
Muscle contracts while lengthening
42
Fascia
Biological web that holds us together
Gooey, wet, fibrous
Ability to lengthen
High % of composition is elastin fibres
HIGHLY vascular
43
Passive static stretching
Body weight & gravity are major forces to lengthen the target muscle
44
Active static stretching
Agonist muscles strongly contract to lengthen the antagonist
45
Proprioception
The body’s sense of itself
How we can gauge the location of our body as we move through space
46
Humerus
Long upper arm bone
47
Diaphragm
Dome shaped muscle at the bottom of the lungs
Contraction: goes down, breathe in
Relaxation: comes back up, breathe out
48
Glenoid cavity
Cavity on the scapula where it meets the humerus bone
49
Clavicle
Collar bone
50
Acromion
Pointy part of the scapula that meets the clavicle
At the top of the shoulder
51
GH joint
Glenoid-humeral joint
Where the humerus and glenoid cavity (if the scapula) meet
Ball & socket joint
52
Rotator cuff
Muscle group that stabilizes the GH joint
53
Scapula-thoracic joint
Where your shoulder blade meets your thoracic ribcage
54
AC joint
Acromion-clavicular joint
Where the top of your shoulder blade (acromion) meets your clavicle
Not much movement
55
Serratus anterior
Splays out from the lateral side of the scapula
Contracts when you throw a punch or push into the ground
56
Rhomboids
Between your scapula and spine
Contracts when you push your shoulder blades together
57
Sections of the spine
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar(5)
Sacrum (5 but all crunched together)
58
Vertebra
The individual bone components of the spine that all connect together at vertebral joints
59
Spinous process
The pointy part of the vertebra that you feel along your back
60
Inferior articulate process
Part of the vertebra that forms the joint of where the vertebra connect with the one below it
61
Superior articular process
Part of the vertebra that forms the joint with the inferior articular process of the vertebra above it
62
Vertebral canal
The hole in the center of the vertebra where the spinal cord goes
63
Intervertebral disk
Aka spinal disk
The cartilage that is between the body of the vertebra
There is jelly in the middle of the disk
64
Erector spinae group
Muscles that run up and down the spine
Keep you erect and uptight
Fully contract when back bending
65
Quadratus lumborum
Muscle that “lifts the hip”
Aids in breathing
Extends, stabilizes, and laterally flexes the lumbar spine
Goes from the lumbar vertebrae to the top of the ilium
66
Rotares
Many little muscles in the center of the back
Help with twisting
67
Lower trapezius
Aid with mid back movement
68
Transverse abdominus
Big, deep corset that is all the way from the bottom of your ribs to your low belly
69
Rectus abdominis
Your 6/8 pack muscles
More superficial
70
Internal obliques
Wrap from the hip bone to around the last few ribs
Wrap “up”
Below the external obliques
71
External obliques
Wrap from around your side breast to towards your belly button
Wrap “down”
Above the internal obliques
72
Pelvic floor
All the muscles that wrap the inside of your pelvis
73
Ilium
Large, ear shaped bone of the pelvis that connects to the sacrum and the pubic bone
74
ASIS
Anterior superior iliac spine
The front sticky outty bit of your pelvis (on your ilium)
Your “hip bone”
75
PSIS
Posterior superior iliac spine
The dimples near the bottom of your spine
The sticky outty bit at the top/back of your ilium
76
Iliac crest
The side of your ilium that rounds
77
Ischial tuberosity
Your sit bones
Big bones of the pelvis that have a hole above them for bundles of nerves
78
Femur
Big thigh bone that goes all the way to your pelvis (under the acetabular rim)
79
Femural head
Head of the femur attaches to the bottom lateral side of the pelvis
80
Greater Trochanter
GT
Part of the femur that sticks out to the side
Makes the widest part of the body
Femural head juts out from this and in towards the body
81
Femoral Acetabulum Joint
Where the head of the femur meets the acetabular rim (of the pelvis)
This is the hip joint!!!
82
SI Joint
Sacroiliac joint
Where the ilium meets the sacrum
Basically no movement in this joint
83
Pubis bone
Little bone at the bottom of the pelvis
84
Psoas
Muscle that goes from T12 to the top of the femur
Wraps around the body
Picks up the femur
This is your hip flexor!!!
85
Gluteus Maximus
Main hip extensor
Big muscle of the butt
The most superficial muscle of the butt
86
Glute medius & minimus
Minimus is underneath medius
They both help with stabilizing the outer pelvis and hip abduction
Up higher than the gluteus Maximus and more lateral
87
Deep six hip rotators
All do external hip rotation
On the back and side of the butt
88
Tensor Fascia Latte
Devoted to internal rotation of the hip
On the front lateral side of the hip
89
Illiotibal Band
IT band of fascia
Goes from the top of the hip all the way down to cross the knee
Gives some lateral stabilization to the knee
Connects hip to knee
90
Quadricep
Big muscle on the front of the thigh
Actually made up of 4 muscles: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
91
Adductors
Help with internal rotation of the hip
About 5 of them
Attach from pubis & sacrum all the way to the bottom of your femur
92
Hamstrings
3 hamstring muscles: semitendinosua, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
Crosses the back of the knee (medial and lateral)
Main job is to flex the knee
93
Knee
Joint where the femur and tibia meet
Hinge joint
Doesn’t like to twist
94
Tibia
Bone on the front of your shin
95
Fibula
Bone on the lateral side of your shin
Makes your “ankle bone” on the lateral side of your ankle
96
Patella
Knee cap
Embedded in the tendon that attaches the femur to the tibia
97
Lateral meniscus
The cartilage connecting the tibia to the femur
On the lateral side of the leg
98
Medial meniscus
The cartilage connecting the tibia to the femur
On the medial side of the leg
99
Lateral collateral ligament
Connects the tibia and femur on the lateral side of the knee
100
Medial collateral ligament
Connects the tibia and femur on the medial side of the knee
101
Tibial tuberosity
The part of the tibia that sticks out (on the front)
102
Quadriceps tendon
The tendon that reaches down from the quadricep to the knee (patella is on top)
It turns into the patellar tendon
103
Lateral Maleolos
The bottom of the fibula that makes your outer ankle bone
104
Medial maleolos
The bottom of the tibia that makes the inner ankle bump
105
Calcaneus
Heel bone
106
Metatarsals
The long bones of your foot that go along the top of the foot
107
Phalanges
The toe bones
108
Talus
Connects the tibia and fibula to the calcaneus
109
Tibilias anterior
Muscle on the lateral side of the shin that helps flex the foot
110
Gastrocnemius muscle
Muscle on the medial side of the shin that helps point the foot
Criss crosses with the bottom of the medial and lateral hamstring muscles
111
Achilles tendon
Goes from mid calf (tibilias anterior and gastrocnemius muscle) all the way down to the calcaneus
112
Anterior transverse arch
The ball of the foot
113
Lateral longitudinal arch
The arch on the lateral side of the bottom of your foot
114
Medial longitudinal arch
The arch on the medial side of the bottom of the foot
115
Plantar fascia
The fascia that lines the arch of the foot
116
Brain
Keeps all other organs in check
Memory; dreams, speaking, imagination
Manages temperature, hunger, thirst, love, fear, etc
117
Heart
Pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body
118
Lungs
Brings fresh oxygen into your body
Removes carbon dioxide and other gas waste products
119
Stomach
Creates a highly acidic environment used to digest everything you eat
Breaks down food for the intestine which then absorbs the actual nutrients
120
Kidneys
Clean and process your blood
Picks out the waste and returns fresh blood to your bloodstream
Extra water in the blood becomes urine
121
Spleen
Keeps your blood tidy and fresh by battling diseases in the bloodstream
Primary blood filter and largest lymph organ
Attack foreign bodies and cleans worn out red and white blood cells
122
Bladder
Stores urine until you’re ready to go
123
Intestines
Small intestine absorbs nutrients from food
Large intestine absorbs water and excretes solid waste
124
Liver
Makes cholesterol, bile, proteins, and the clotting factors needed to stop bleeding
Stores sugars, proteins, vitamins for later use
Breaks down harmful substances and metabolizes drugs
125
Pancreas
Nestled at the bottom of the stomach and the top of the small intestine
Produces digestive enzymes and insulin (which processes glucose from the blood stream)
126
Gallbladder
Collects and concentrates bile (which digests fat)
127
Uterus
Female reproductive organ
Ovaries release eggs which may or may not be fertilized by an incoming sperm
No sperm. -> egg and uterine lining flush out in the menstrual cycle
128
Central nervous system
Processes, interprets, stores information
Issues orders to muscles, glands, organs
Includes the brain and spinal cord
129
Peripheral nervous system
Transmits info to and from the CNS
Includes the somatic nervous system (controls skeletal muscles) and the autonomic nervous system (regulates glands, blood vessels, internal organs)
