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Course 2 - Embryology, Anatomy, and Pathology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the suture between frontal and parietal bone?

A

The coronal suture

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2
Q

what is the suture between occipital and parietal bone?

A

Lambdoid suture

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3
Q

what is the suture between the parietal bones?

A

sagittal suture

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4
Q

when does the anterior fontanelle closes?

A

18 months after birth

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5
Q

boundaries of posterior fontanelle?

A

between occipital and parietal bones

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6
Q

where is the greater palatine foramen

A

between the 7th and the 8th

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7
Q

from which view foramen rotundum can be seen?

A

inside the skull

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8
Q

which is wider in diameter of condyle

A

the mediolateral is nearly twice the anteroposterior diameter

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9
Q

what is the importance of knowing the diameter of the condyle for surgery

A

open in auricular or antero-auricular approach

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10
Q

The function of sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

-flex the neck both laterally and anteriorly, as well as rotate the head contralaterally to the side of contraction.

-it divides the neck and aid in examination

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11
Q

Origin and insertion of sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin- superior part of clavicle and superior lateral surface of the sternum

insertion- posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus (aka mastoid process)

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12
Q

The function of trapezius muscle

A

lift the clavicle and scapula

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13
Q

Origin and insertion of trapezius

A

Origin-external surface of the occipital bone

Insertion- lateral third of clavicle

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14
Q

Innervation of muscles of facial expression

A

facial nerve

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15
Q

Origin and insertion of orbicularis oculi

A

Origin - frontal bone (medial part, palpebral ligament, and lacrimal bone)
Insertion - lateral palpebral raphe

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16
Q

function of orbicularis oculi

A

clsoe the eyelids

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17
Q

Origin and insertion of orbicularis oris

A

Origin: muscle fibers around the mouth
insertion: the skin at the angle of the mouth.

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18
Q

function of orbicularis oris

A

closes and puckers the lipsm also aids against checking and speacking

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19
Q

Origin and insertion of buccinator

A

Origin: posterior portion of the alveolar process of maxilla and mandible
Insertion: the angle of the mouth

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20
Q

function of orbicularis buccinator

A

compress the checks against the teeth and retracts the angle of the mouth

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21
Q

lower 6
if the infection is above to the attachment of the buccinator muscle

and its the opposite for upper 6

A

infection will move to the vestibule

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22
Q

lower 6
if the infection is below to the attachment of the buccinator muscle

and its the opposite for upper 6

A

buccal space infection

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23
Q

Origin and insertion of mentalis

A

origin: incisive fossa of the mandible
insertion: skin of the chin

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24
Q

function of mentalis

A

raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin and pushes up the lower lip

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25
Q

attachment of buccinator muscle with the superior constrictor muscle make a very important landmark

A

pterygomandibular raphe

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26
Q

Origin and insertion of zygomatic major

A

origin- zygomatic bone
insertion-into the fibers of orbicularis oris

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27
Q

function of zygomatic major

A

the laughing muscle, draws the angles of the mouth upward and backward as in laughing

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28
Q

what are the muscles of facial expression?

A
29
Q

what are the muscles of mastication?

A

1-temporalis
2-masseter
3-medial pterygoid
4-lateral pterygoid

30
Q

Origin and insertion of temporalis?

A

origin-temporal fossa
insertion- coronoid process,

31
Q

function of temporalis?

A

-raises the mandible and closes the jaw
-and the posterior fibers pull the protruded mandible backward

32
Q

shape of temporalis?

A

fan shaped

33
Q

Origin and insertion of masseter?

A

has two parts, superficial and deep
the both originate for the
-lower border of the zygomatic arch.

Insertion
superficial part insert in;
angle and ramus of the mandible

deep part insert in:
superior surface of the mandible

34
Q

anti-gravity muscles?

A

temporalis and masseter

35
Q

function of masseter?

A

elevate and adduct the mandible= closes the jaw and raises the mandible

36
Q

maxillary artery supplies both

A

maxilla and mandible

37
Q

boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

laterally- Sternocleidomastoid
inferiorly- sternal notch and clavicle
medially- trachea, thyroid, and cricothyroid cartilages,

38
Q

boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

posteriorly- trapezius muscle
anteriorly-sternocleidomastoid
inferiorly-clavicle

39
Q

segments of anterior triangle

A

-submental
-submandibular
-carotid
-muscular trianlge

40
Q

boundaries of the submental - suprahyoid triangle-

A

inferiorly-hyoid bone
medially-midline if the neck
posteriorly-anterior belly of digastric
the floor -is the mylohyoid muscle

41
Q

content of suprahyoid triangle or submental

A

mylohyoid muscle

42
Q

boundaries of the submandibular - triangle aka submaxilary

A

superiorly- inferior border of the mandible
the other portions of the triangle are the posterior belly and anterior belly of digastric

43
Q

content of carotid triangle (aka superior carotid triangle

A

posteriorly- sternocleidomastoid
anteriorly-omohyoid muscle
superiorly-stylohyoid muscle and posterior belly of digastric

44
Q

what is the floor of the carotid triangle

A
45
Q

content of the muscular triangle (inferior carotid triangle
medially - midline
superiorly -superior belly of omohyoid
posteriorly-sternocleidomastoid

A
46
Q

contents of the posterior triangle

A

deep cervical lymph nodes, suprascapular artery, cervicodorsal trunk, the third part of the subclavian artery and part of the occipital artery, veins such as the external jugular vein and nerves such as spinal accessory nerve, brachial plexus, and cervical plexus.

47
Q

the largest salivary gland

A

parotid

48
Q

parotid consists of

A

1-superfacial loop - in front of the ear
2-deep loop-encircles the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible and goes medially (that’s why its critical during anesthesia)

49
Q

facial nerve is in which loop?

A

superficial loop

50
Q

secretion of parotid gland is

A

mainly serrous

51
Q

name of parotid duct?

A

Stenson (almost 20% of secretion)

52
Q

which muscle does the parotid pierce?

A

buccinator

53
Q

level of Stenson duct?

A

opposite to upper 2nd molar

54
Q

secretion of submandibular glans is

A

serous and mucous saliva- but it is more mucous that’s why it is affected with stones

55
Q

duct of submandibular gland

A

Wharton duct behind the central incisors

56
Q

duct of sublingual gland

A

Bartholin duct

57
Q

location of sublingual gland is?

A

above the level of mylohyoid muscle

58
Q

opening of Bartholin ducts

A

floor of the mouth

59
Q

in case of stone inside sublingual gland

A

gland excision

60
Q

secretion of sublingual salivary gland is almost (in percentage)

A

70#

61
Q

Components of the TMJ

A

-temporal bone (glenoid fossa)
-condyle of the mandible
3-specialized dense fibro-cartilage structure (the articular desk)
4-several ligaments
5-neumerous associated muscles

62
Q

which is the most important muscle in the TMJ

A

lateral pterygoid muscle, because it inserts onto the articular disc and fibrous capsule of the temporomandibular joint.

63
Q

the only part of the TMJ that is innervated is

A

the bi-lamellar zone

64
Q

ortho treatment effect on tmj movement of teeth

A

change the relationship between the head of condyle and disk, lead to repeated microtrauma therefore tmj disfigurement

65
Q

the main trunk of mandibular branch gives first 2 branches, one sensory and one motor, what are they?

A

sensoru
meningeal nerve, or nervous spinouses to the dura

motor
nerve to medial ptyrgoid

66
Q

branches of the anterior division of mandibular branch of trigeminal

A

one sensory
buccal nerve

three motor
masseteric nerve, deep temporal nerves and nerve to lateral pterygoid.

67
Q

branches of the posterior division of mandibular branch of trigeminal

A

the auriculotemporal, lingual and inferior alveolar nerves. The latter gives off a motor branch which innervates the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the mylohyoid muscle.

68
Q

types of maxillary and mandibular branches of trigeminal

A

maxillary - is pure sensory
mandibular - mixed

69
Q

branches of the posterior division of maxillary branch of trigeminal

A

Meningeal, zygomatic, zygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal, infraorbital, anterior, middle, and posterior superior alveolar nerves, nasopalatine, greater palatine, lesser palatine nerves (‘My Zippy Zebra Zoe Is A Majestic Princess, Naturally Gorgeous Lady’)

Course 2 - Embryology, Anatomy, and Pathology (3 decks)

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