Anatomy Flashcards
what is the suture between frontal and parietal bone?
The coronal suture
what is the suture between occipital and parietal bone?
Lambdoid suture
what is the suture between the parietal bones?
sagittal suture
when does the anterior fontanelle closes?
18 months after birth
boundaries of posterior fontanelle?
between occipital and parietal bones
where is the greater palatine foramen
between the 7th and the 8th
from which view foramen rotundum can be seen?
inside the skull
which is wider in diameter of condyle
the mediolateral is nearly twice the anteroposterior diameter
what is the importance of knowing the diameter of the condyle for surgery
open in auricular or antero-auricular approach
The function of sternocleidomastoid muscle
-flex the neck both laterally and anteriorly, as well as rotate the head contralaterally to the side of contraction.
-it divides the neck and aid in examination
Origin and insertion of sternocleidomastoid
Origin- superior part of clavicle and superior lateral surface of the sternum
insertion- posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus (aka mastoid process)
The function of trapezius muscle
lift the clavicle and scapula
Origin and insertion of trapezius
Origin-external surface of the occipital bone
Insertion- lateral third of clavicle
Innervation of muscles of facial expression
facial nerve
Origin and insertion of orbicularis oculi
Origin - frontal bone (medial part, palpebral ligament, and lacrimal bone)
Insertion - lateral palpebral raphe
function of orbicularis oculi
clsoe the eyelids
Origin and insertion of orbicularis oris
Origin: muscle fibers around the mouth
insertion: the skin at the angle of the mouth.
function of orbicularis oris
closes and puckers the lipsm also aids against checking and speacking
Origin and insertion of buccinator
Origin: posterior portion of the alveolar process of maxilla and mandible
Insertion: the angle of the mouth
function of orbicularis buccinator
compress the checks against the teeth and retracts the angle of the mouth
lower 6
if the infection is above to the attachment of the buccinator muscle
and its the opposite for upper 6
infection will move to the vestibule
lower 6
if the infection is below to the attachment of the buccinator muscle
and its the opposite for upper 6
buccal space infection
Origin and insertion of mentalis
origin: incisive fossa of the mandible
insertion: skin of the chin
function of mentalis
raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin and pushes up the lower lip
attachment of buccinator muscle with the superior constrictor muscle make a very important landmark
pterygomandibular raphe
Origin and insertion of zygomatic major
origin- zygomatic bone
insertion-into the fibers of orbicularis oris
function of zygomatic major
the laughing muscle, draws the angles of the mouth upward and backward as in laughing
what are the muscles of facial expression?
what are the muscles of mastication?
1-temporalis
2-masseter
3-medial pterygoid
4-lateral pterygoid
Origin and insertion of temporalis?
origin-temporal fossa
insertion- coronoid process,
function of temporalis?
-raises the mandible and closes the jaw
-and the posterior fibers pull the protruded mandible backward
shape of temporalis?
fan shaped
Origin and insertion of masseter?
has two parts, superficial and deep
the both originate for the
-lower border of the zygomatic arch.
Insertion
superficial part insert in;
angle and ramus of the mandible
deep part insert in:
superior surface of the mandible
anti-gravity muscles?
temporalis and masseter
function of masseter?
elevate and adduct the mandible= closes the jaw and raises the mandible
maxillary artery supplies both
maxilla and mandible
boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck
laterally- Sternocleidomastoid
inferiorly- sternal notch and clavicle
medially- trachea, thyroid, and cricothyroid cartilages,
boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck
posteriorly- trapezius muscle
anteriorly-sternocleidomastoid
inferiorly-clavicle
segments of anterior triangle
-submental
-submandibular
-carotid
-muscular trianlge
boundaries of the submental - suprahyoid triangle-
inferiorly-hyoid bone
medially-midline if the neck
posteriorly-anterior belly of digastric
the floor -is the mylohyoid muscle
content of suprahyoid triangle or submental
mylohyoid muscle
boundaries of the submandibular - triangle aka submaxilary
superiorly- inferior border of the mandible
the other portions of the triangle are the posterior belly and anterior belly of digastric
content of carotid triangle (aka superior carotid triangle
posteriorly- sternocleidomastoid
anteriorly-omohyoid muscle
superiorly-stylohyoid muscle and posterior belly of digastric
what is the floor of the carotid triangle
content of the muscular triangle (inferior carotid triangle
medially - midline
superiorly -superior belly of omohyoid
posteriorly-sternocleidomastoid
contents of the posterior triangle
deep cervical lymph nodes, suprascapular artery, cervicodorsal trunk, the third part of the subclavian artery and part of the occipital artery, veins such as the external jugular vein and nerves such as spinal accessory nerve, brachial plexus, and cervical plexus.
the largest salivary gland
parotid
parotid consists of
1-superfacial loop - in front of the ear
2-deep loop-encircles the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible and goes medially (that’s why its critical during anesthesia)
facial nerve is in which loop?
superficial loop
secretion of parotid gland is
mainly serrous
name of parotid duct?
Stenson (almost 20% of secretion)
which muscle does the parotid pierce?
buccinator
level of Stenson duct?
opposite to upper 2nd molar
secretion of submandibular glans is
serous and mucous saliva- but it is more mucous that’s why it is affected with stones
duct of submandibular gland
Wharton duct behind the central incisors
duct of sublingual gland
Bartholin duct
location of sublingual gland is?
above the level of mylohyoid muscle
opening of Bartholin ducts
floor of the mouth
in case of stone inside sublingual gland
gland excision
secretion of sublingual salivary gland is almost (in percentage)
70#
Components of the TMJ
-temporal bone (glenoid fossa)
-condyle of the mandible
3-specialized dense fibro-cartilage structure (the articular desk)
4-several ligaments
5-neumerous associated muscles
which is the most important muscle in the TMJ
lateral pterygoid muscle, because it inserts onto the articular disc and fibrous capsule of the temporomandibular joint.
the only part of the TMJ that is innervated is
the bi-lamellar zone
ortho treatment effect on tmj movement of teeth
change the relationship between the head of condyle and disk, lead to repeated microtrauma therefore tmj disfigurement
the main trunk of mandibular branch gives first 2 branches, one sensory and one motor, what are they?
sensoru
meningeal nerve, or nervous spinouses to the dura
motor
nerve to medial ptyrgoid
branches of the anterior division of mandibular branch of trigeminal
one sensory
buccal nerve
three motor
masseteric nerve, deep temporal nerves and nerve to lateral pterygoid.
branches of the posterior division of mandibular branch of trigeminal
the auriculotemporal, lingual and inferior alveolar nerves. The latter gives off a motor branch which innervates the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the mylohyoid muscle.
types of maxillary and mandibular branches of trigeminal
maxillary - is pure sensory
mandibular - mixed
branches of the posterior division of maxillary branch of trigeminal
Meningeal, zygomatic, zygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal, infraorbital, anterior, middle, and posterior superior alveolar nerves, nasopalatine, greater palatine, lesser palatine nerves (‘My Zippy Zebra Zoe Is A Majestic Princess, Naturally Gorgeous Lady’)
