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Y3-Neurology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The Layers of the Scalp?

A

SCALP
5 Layers

S = Skin
C = Connective tissue
A = Aponeurosis–Flattened tendon that connects the front lobe to the occipital lobe
L = Loose connective tissue
P= Pericranium–Layer that attached to the bone from inside

the scalp arteries form a rich anastomotic network just deep to the skin – scalp lacerations (cut) & incisions can bleed excessively
basically where the connective tissue is

bone-Skull

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2
Q

Bone

Bones of the skull?

A

Sutures (fibrous joints) help prevent skull fractures from spreading
Fx cannot jump over the suture and the fx stops at the suture
Remember that some are bilateral and some are single (hahaha)

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3
Q

thinnest part of the skull? the related artery?

A
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4
Q

base of the skull bone and features?

A
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5
Q

Meninges and Meningitis?

A
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6
Q

Dura mater?

A
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7
Q

falx cerebri?

A
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8
Q

venous drainage of the brain?

A
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9
Q

Arterial Supply to the Brain?

A
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10
Q

Circle of Willis?

A
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11
Q

Subarachnoid Space?

A
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12
Q

Ventricles of the Brain?

A
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13
Q

Circulation of CSF?

A
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14
Q

Hydrocephalus?

A
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15
Q

Blood Vessels within the Cranial Cavity?

A
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16
Q

Bleeding Within the Cranial Cavity?

A
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17
Q

Raised ICP, Herniations & Clinical Signs?

A
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18
Q

Cranial Numerals, names and fibre types?

A
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19
Q

Course of a Cranial Nerve?

A
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20
Q

Foraminae?

A
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21
Q

Intracranial Part of the Course?

A
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22
Q

Trigeminal Nerve?

A
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23
Q

Trigeminal Nerve – Sensory Innervation?

A
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24
Q

Trigeminal Nerve – Motor Innervation?

A
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25
Q

Clinical Testing of Trigeminal?

A
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26
Q

Facial Nerve?

A
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27
Q

Facial Nerve – Middle Ear Cavity

A
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28
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression?

A
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29
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerves?

A
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30
Q

Vagus Nerves course?

A
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31
Q

Vagus Nerves - in the Chest?

A
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32
Q

Vagus Nerves - in the Neck?

A
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33
Q

Vagus nerves, in the Abdomen?

A
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34
Q

Clinical Testing of the Vagus Nerves?

A
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35
Q

Spinal Accessory Nerves-course?

A
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36
Q

Spinal Accessory Nerves–Clinical testing?

A
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37
Q

Hypoglossal Nerves—Course?

A
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38
Q

Hypoglossal Nerves clinical testing?

A
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39
Q

Summary of Clinical Testing of Cranial Nerves?

A
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40
Q

The body wall innervation?

A

Each pair of spinal nerves supplies everything in one segment of the body wall

  • Somatic general sensory e.g. Temperature, pain, tingling
  • Motor functions e.g. muscle weakness, loss of balance
    Somatic
    Sympathetic
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41
Q

Clinical anatomy of testing each spinal nerve segment’s?

A

sensory function - dermatomes

motor function - myotomes

both of the above simultaneously – spinal cord reflexes

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42
Q

Dermatomes and Examining the Spinal Nerve Dermatomes?

A
  • Most peripheral nerves communicate with the CNS through the spinal cord (except trigeminal)
  • Arrangement of paired dorsal and ventral roots giving rise to the spinal nerves is repeated 31 times, forming the spinal segments
  • Area of skin innervated by the left and right dorsal roots of a single segment is a dermatome
  • When mapped the dermatomes delineate a set of bands on the body surface
  • If a single dorsal root is cut the corresponding dermatome does not lose all sensation because of a degree of overlap with the region of adjacent dorsal roots
    Note: innervation of the anterior head is by the trigeminal system
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43
Q

Trigemminal system

44
Q

Shingles?

A
  • Shingles is due to infection of the dorsal root ganglion neurones by Varicella zoster (causes chickenpox in childhood)
  • In adulthood the virus may reactivate (typically in a single ganglion) revealing, anatomically, as inflamed and blistered skin, the dermatome innervated by that ganglion
45
Q

Testing dermatomal sensory function?

46
Q

what is peripheral cutenbouse innervation like in the thigh?

47
Q

what is peripheral cutenbouse innervation like in the neck?

48
Q

what is peripheral cutenbouse innervation like in the trunk?

49
Q

Posterior part of the back dermatomes are supplied by—

A

posterior rami

50
Q

what is peripheral cutenbouse innervation like in the upper limb?

51
Q

what is peripheral cutenbouse innervation like in the lower limb?

52
Q

Testing sensory function of a peripheral cutaneous nerve?

53
Q

Examination of Myotomes?

54
Q

femoral nerve motor innervation?

55
Q

clinical testing of upper limb myotomes?

56
Q

clinical testing of lower limb myotomes?

57
Q

Testing a spinal nerve myotome for motor function?

58
Q

Spinal cord reflexes?

59
Q

Muscle Paralysis vs Spasticity?

60
Q

Summary of Peripheral nerve motor innervation of
Head
Neck
Trunk
Back

61
Q

Summary of Peripheral nerve motor innervation of upper limb?

62
Q

Summary of Peripheral nerve motor innervation of lower limb?

63
Q

Surface Anatomy of the Back – muscle and Bony Landmarks?

64
Q

Extrinsic back muscle?

65
Q

z

Intrinsic Back Muscles?

66
Q

Erector spinae?

67
Q

Transversospinalis?

68
Q

Axial image of the muscles around the vertebrae?

69
Q

Movement of the spine?

70
Q

Vertebral column?

71
Q

Curvatures of the Vertebral Column?

72
Q

Curvatures abnormalities?

73
Q

Typical vertebra bony structures?

74
Q

Foraminae and Joints?

75
Q

Intervertebral Discs?

76
Q

Ligaments of the vertebra?

77
Q

features of cervical vertebra and
C1
C2
C7

78
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint?

79
Q

Atlanto-axial joint?

80
Q

Lateral C-Spine Radiograph?

81
Q

Presented with this Lateral C-Spine Radiograph in A & E.

What abnormality is indicated by the white arrow?

Which vertebra(e) is/are involved?

Which other major structure may be damaged as a result of this injury?

Can you think of a reason why the major structure may escape without being damaged in instances of slight dislocation?

A

Dislocation

C6/C7

Spinal cord, disc, vasculature, ligament

Large vertebral canal in this region means that spinal cord may not be impaired

82
Q

Cervical Vertebrae Disclocation

83
Q

The sacrum bony landmarks?

84
Q

Spinal cord?

85
Q

About the end of the spinal cord?

86
Q

Epidural Anaesthetic

87
Q

Spinal Anaesthetic?

88
Q

Anatomy of Caudal Anaesthesia?

89
Q

Laminectomy?

90
Q

the basic unit of the nervous system?

91
Q

Collection of the nerve cell bodies in
PNS
CNS

A

Ganglion
Nuscleus

92
Q

The devision of the neuron?

93
Q

What is a nerve?

94
Q

Cranial nerves, modality, location?

A

Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velever Ah Heaven

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most

96
Q

Spinal nerves names and numbers?

97
Q

Rootlets, root, rami, spinal nerve

98
Q

motor and sensory roots?

99
Q

Dermatomes vs mayotomes?

A

Modalities=
Motor-makes sth happen
Sensory-pick up sensation

Somatic (sensory, motor)-body wall; skeletal muscles, bones, skin, internal lining of the body cavities
Visceral (afferent/efferent)=internal, organs

Visceral efferent= motor, not thinking abt it=automatic= autonomic nerves
Retain homeostasis both para and sympa

100
Q

Nerve plexuses?

101
Q

Peripheral nerve cutaneouse vs dermatomes?

A

the dermatome map of the limbs, which illustrates the areas of skin supplied by fibers from each of the spinal nerves, is different from the cutaneous nerve map, which shows the areas of skin supplied by each of the cutaneous branches of the peripheral nerves.

102
Q

Sympathetic innervation?

103
Q

Sympathetic innervation to
the heart
lung
abdomen
adrenal medulla

104
Q

Parasympathetic innervation?

105
Q

Horner syndrome?

Y3-Neurology (10 decks)

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