Anatomy Flashcards
What is the blood supply to the cervical oesophagus?
Inferior thyroid artery + veins to SVC
What is the blood supply to the thoracic oesophagus?
Thoracic aortic branches + azygous system
What is the blood supply to the abdominal oesophagus?
Coeliac plexus from the last gastric artery
Left gastric vein to portal system
What are the diaphragmatic hiatuses?
Aortic opening = at T12
Oesophageal opening = at T10
Caval opening = at T8
How do hiatus hernias form?
The oesophageal sphincter dilates (as it is only physiological/ functional, not anatomical, it does not have its own innervation)
Describe the branches of the abdominal aorta
- Phrenic arteries
- Coeliac trunk - left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries
- Superior mesenteric
- Suprarenal and renal arteries
- Gonadal arteries
- Inferior mesenteric
What are the parts of the stomach?
Cardia, fundus, body and pylorus into the duodenum
Describe the arterial supply of the stomach
Left gastric along lesser curvature and up to oesophagus
Right gastric (from hepatic artery) also along lesser curvature
Right gastro-epiploic (from hepatic) and left gastro-epiploic (from splenic) along greater curvature
Short gastric arteries (from splenic) to the fundus
What are the parts of the duodenum? Which are retroperitoneal?
Superior, descending, inferior and ascending
Descending to ascending are retroperitoneal
Describe the arterial supply of the duodenum
Gastroduodenal from right hepatic artery - becomes superior pancreaticoduodenal
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal from superior mesenteric artery
Where is bile formed and stored?
Bile is formed in the liver and stored in the bile duct
Describe the biliary tree
Left and right hepatic ducts form the common hepatic duct
Cystic duct from the gallbladder joins the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct
The pancreatic duct joins just before entering the duodenum via the major duodenal papilla
What is Calot’s triangle?
Formed by the common hepatic duct, cystic duct and inferior surface of the liver
What is the ‘foregut’ and what is its arterial supply?
Stomach up to the 2nd part of the duodenum
Supplied by the coeliac trunk
What is the ‘midgut’ and what is its arterial supply?
From 2nd part of the duodenum to splenic flexure (on the transverse colon)
Supplied by the SMA
What are the branches of the SMA?
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal
Ileocolic
Right and middle colic
What is the ‘hindgut’ and what is its arterial supply?
From splenic flexure to the superior rectum
Supplied by the IMA
What are the branches of the IMA?
Left colic
Sigmoid, which gives off the superior rectal
Why is the splenic flexure prone to ischaemia?
It is a ‘watershed’ region, dependent on the marginal artery to branch between the midgut and foregut regions
Describe the rectal blood supply
Superior 1/3rd = superior rectal artery from IMA
Middle 1/3rd = middle rectal artery from internal iliac
Inferior 1/3rd = inferior rectal artery from internal pudendal
What are the sites of portosystemic circulation?
Lower 1/3rd of oesophagus (azygous veins meet left gastric)
Umbilicus (umbilical vein meets epigastric)
Upper anal canal (superior rectal meets middle/ inferior rectal)
