Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Practical - Y2B4 (Central Nervous System) 📙 > Anatomy 🫀 > Flashcards

Anatomy 🫀 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the 4th ventricle?

A
  • Cavity of hind brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Site of 4th ventricle

A
  • in front of the cerebellum, behind pons & upper half of the medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Shape of 4th ventricle

A

diamond shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

angles of 4th ventricle

A
  • Upper angle continuous with aqueduct of sylvius.
  • Lower angle continuous with central canal
  • Lateral angels form the lateral recess of the 4th ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Boundaries of 4th ventricle

A
  • Lateral
  • roof (post wall)
  • Floor (ant wall)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lateral borders of 4th ventricle

A

Superior: superior cerebellar peduncle

Inferior: inferior cerebellar peduncle & gracile and cuneate

Middle: lateral recess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Roof (Post wall) of 4th ventricle

A
  • Sup. Medullary velum.
  • Inf. Medullary velum.
  • Middle: part of cerebellum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Flor (Anterior wall) of 4th ventricle

A
  • Upper pontine part
  • Lower medullary part
  • Intermdiate zone which is formed by stria medullaris of 4th ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contents of anterior wall of pontine part of 4th ventricle

A
  1. Medial eminence & facial colliculus: overlies abducent nucleus.
  2. Vestibular area: overlies vestibular nuclei.
  3. Sulcus limitans (superior fovae)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contents of anterior wall of medullary part of 4th ventricle

A
  • Sulcus limitans (inferior fovea) divides medullary part into 3 trigons
    1. Hypoglossal triangle (H)
    2. Vagal triangle (Vg)
    3. Vestibular area (Vs)
  • area postrema.
  • stria medullaris of 4th ventricle.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are cranial nerve nuclei in floor of 4th ventricle?

A

Hypoglossal trigone: contains hypoglossal nucleus

Vagal trigone: contains dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Vestibular trigone: contains medullary and pontine vestibular nuclei

Facial colliculus: cantains abducent nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Communications of 4th ventricle

A
  1. With 3rd ventricle through cerebral aqueduct of sylvius
  2. With centeral canal of spinal cord through lower angle
  3. With subarachinoid space through foramen of Magendie& foramina of Luschka
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Site of choroid plexus of 4th ventricle

A
  • it is attached to the inferior medullary velum.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Shape of choroid plexus of 4th ventricle

A
  • T shaped it has stem attached to he velum and 2 lateral arms extend laterally into the lateral recess.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Arterial supply of choroid plexus of 4th ventricle

A

PICA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what separates the cerebellum from cerebrum?

A

tentorium cerebelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what separates the cerebellum from pons and medulla?

A

4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gross feature of cerebellum

A
  • It is formed of vermis (Superior & Inferior) and two cerebellar hemispheres
  • It has two notches Ant. surround the brainstem & post Contain the falx cerebelli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Notches of cerebellum

A
  • It has two notches Ant. surround the brainstem & post Contain the falx cerebelli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are cerebellar peduncles? and what do they connect?

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle: Connects midbrain & Cerebellum

Middle cerebellar peduncle: Connects pons & Cerebellum.

Inferior cerebellar peduncle: Connects medulla & Cerebellum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the fissures of Cerebellum?

A
  • Horizontal fissure
  • Primary fissure
  • osterolateral fissure (uvulo-nodular fissure)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Significance of Horizontal fissure

A
  • divides the cerebellum into superior & inferior surfaces.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Significance of Primary fissure

A
  • extends on the superior surface
  • It separates the anterior lobe from the posterior lobe.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Significance of Posterolateral fissure (uvulo-nodular fissure)

A
  • extends on the inferior surfaces separating nodule from the uvula .
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Anatomical divisions of cerebellum

A

It is divided by 1ry fissure & posterolateral fissure into:

  1. Anterior lobe
  2. Posterior lobe
  3. Folliculonodular lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Longitudinal divisions of cerebellum

A

According to connections of the deep cerebellar nuclei

  1. Vermal zone projects to fastigial nucleus
  2. Paravermal zone Projects to globose and emboliform nuclei
  3. Lateral zone projects to dentate nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Functional divisions of cerebellum

A
  1. Archicerebellum (vestibulocerebellum)
  2. Paleocerebellum (spinocerebellum)
  3. Neocerebellum (cerebrocerebellum)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Position of the diencephalon

A
  • It is located between the cerebral hemisphers and the midbrain.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Boundaries of diancephalon

A
  • Superiorly
  • Anteriorly
  • Medially
  • Inferiorly
  • Posteriorly
  • Laterally
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Superior boundaries of diancephalon

A
  • Body of the fornix
  • Lateral ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Inferior boundaries of diancephalon

A
  • Optic chiasma
  • Tuber cinereum
  • Infundibulum of pituitary gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Anterior boundaries of diancephalon

A
  • Anterior commissure
  • Lamina terminalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Posterior boundaries of diancephalon

A
  • Habenular nucleus
  • Pineal gland
  • Posterior commissure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Medial boundaries of diancephalon

A
  • Third ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Lateral boundaries of diancephalon

A
  • Internal capsule
  • Lentiform nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Divisions of diancephalon

A

From PPT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Function of the Diencephalon

A

Thalamus:
- receives all sensations (except olfaction) and projects them to the sensory areas of the brain.

Hypothalamus:
- is the principal autonomic and endocrinal center of the brain.

Subthalamus:
- is one of the motor nuclei that regulate muscle movement.

Epithalamus:
- is formed of Stria medullaris thalami (limbic system), Habenular nucleus (limbic system), Pineal gland (sleep) and Posterior commissure (upward gaze).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Site of Choroid plexus of 3rd ventricle

A
  • roof of the 3rd ventricle.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Arterial supply of Choroid plexus of 3rd ventricle

A

posterior choroidal artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what is 3rd ventricle?

A
  • It is the cavity of the diencephalon.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Location of 3rd ventricle

A
  • It is located in the midline between two thalami.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Site of choroid plexus of 3rd ventricle

A
  • projects downward from the roof.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Shape of choroid plexus of 3rd ventricle

A
  • two vascular ridges, one on each side of the midline.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Arterial supply of choroid plexus of 3rd ventricle

A

posterior choroidal artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Communications of 3rd ventricle

A

1- with the lateral ventricle : through interventricular
foramen of Morno.

2- with 4th ventricle : through cerebral aqueduct of sylvius.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what does each cerebral hemisphere contain?

A

3 (Poles, Borders, Surfaces)
4 (Major sulci, Lobes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Poles of each cerebral hemisphere

A
  • Frontal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Borders of of each cerebral hemisphere

A
  • Superomedial border
  • Inferomedial border
  • Inferolateral border
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Surfaces of of each cerebral hemisphere

A
  • Lateral (superolateral) surface
  • Medial surface
  • Inferior surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what are the parts of the inferior surface?

A
  • Orbital part
  • Tentorial part
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what divides the inferior surface?

A

It is divided by the lateral sulcus into two parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Parts of inferior surface

A

Orbital part: lies on the roof of the orbit.

Tentorial part: lies on the tentorium cerebelli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

what are major sulci of each cerebral hemisphere?

A
  • Central sulcus.
  • Lateral sulcus.
  • Calcarine sulcus.
  • Parieto-occipital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

what does lateral sulcus consist of?

A

It consists of a short stem & 3 rami:
- Anterior ramus.
- ascending ramus.
- posterior ramus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

what is The area of cerebral cortex at the bottom of the lateral sulcus?

A

Insula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

what are sulci of lateral Surface?

A
  • Central sulcus.
  • Precentral sulcus.
  • Postcentral sulcus.

———-

  • Lateral sulcus
  • Two frontal sulci
  • Two temporal sulci

———

  • Intraparietal sulcus.
  • Parieto-occipital sulcus.
  • Calcarine sulcus.
  • Sulcus lunatus.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

what are parts of lateral sulcus?

A

(stem & 3 rami)
- Anterior ramus.
- ascending ramus.
- posterior ramus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

what are two frontal sulci of lateral Surface?

A
  • Superior frontal sulcus
  • Inferior frontal sulcus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

what are two temporal sulci of lateral Surface?

A
  • Superior temporal sulcus.
  • Inferior temporal sulcus.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

what are gyri of lateral Surface?

A
  • Precentral gyrus.
  • Postcentral gyrus.

———

  • Three frontal gyri

——-

  • Three temporal gyri

———–

  • Two parietal gyri
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

what are three frontal gyri of lateral Surface?

A
  • Superior frontal gyrus.
  • Middle frontal gyrus.
  • Inferior frontal gyrus:
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

what divides inferior frontal gyrus?

A

Divided by the anterior & ascending rami of the lateral sulcus into 3 parts:
- Orbital part.
- Triangular part.
- Opercular part.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Parts of inferior frontal gyrus

A
  • Orbital part.
  • Triangular part.
  • Opercular part.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

what are three temporal gyri of lateral Surface?

A
  • Superior temporal gyrus.
  • Middle temporal gyrus.
  • Inferior temporal gyrus.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

what are 2 parital gyri of lateral Surface?

A
  • Superior parietal lobule.
  • Inferior parietal lobule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

what is Inferior parietal lobule divided
into?

A
  • Supramarginal gyrus.
  • Angular gyrus.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

what are cortical areas? and what do they contain? (In brief)

A

Frontal lobe contains:
- Motor areas
- Personality center

The other 3 lobes contain:
- Primary sensory areas.
- Sensory association areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

what are motor areas of frontal lobe?

A
  • Primary motor area (area 4)
  • Premotor area (area 6)
  • Frontal eye field area (area 8)
  • Motor speech area (Broca’s area, areas 44 & 45)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Site of Primary motor area (area 4)

A
  • In the precentral gyrus &
    anterior part of the paracentral lobule.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Representation of Primary motor area (area 4)

A
  • Opposite half of body is represented upside down.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Function of Primary motor area (area 4)

A
  • Initiation of highly skilled
    fine movements.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

what does a lesion in Primary motor area (area 4) cause?

A
  • Contralateral hemiplegia with
    all signs of upper motor neuron lesion.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Site of Premotor area (area 6)

A
  • Anterior to the primary motor area.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Function of Premotor area (area 6)

A
  • Gross or Stereotyped movements of groups of muscles via connections with the basal ganglia.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

what does a lesion in Premotor area (area 6) cause?

A

Apraxia: (difficulty in performing a learned movement without paralysis)

76
Q

Site of Frontal eye field area (area 8)

A
  • Middle frontal gyrus.
77
Q

Function of Frontal eye field area (area 8)

A
  • Horizontal movement of both eyes to the opposite side.
78
Q

What does a lesion in Frontal eye field area (area 8) cause?

A
  • Ipsilateral deviation of both eyes.
79
Q

Site of Motor speech area (Broca’s area, areas 44 & 45)

A
  • Inferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere: Opercular & triangular gyri.
80
Q

Function of Motor speech area (Broca’s area, areas 44 & 45)

A
  • Coordinates actions of the muscles used in speech (lips, tongue & vocal cords).
81
Q

what does a lesion in Motor speech area (Broca’s area, areas 44 & 45) cause?

A

Motor aphasia:
- Aphasia is paralysis of the speech.

Lesion in hemisphere (right):
- No effect.

82
Q

Personality centre in frontal lobe

A
  • Personality Center Personality Center (Areas 9, 10, 11 & 12)
83
Q

Site of Personality centre

A

frontal pole.

84
Q

Function of Personality centre

A

Makeup of the personality.

85
Q

what does a lesion in Personality centre cause?

A

Loss of personality:
- Patients neglect their appearance.
- Inappropriate judgmental behavior.
- No appreciation to any social behavior.

86
Q

what are sensory areas?

A
  • General (somatic) sensory area (areas 3, 1, 2)
  • Somatosensory association area (areas 5, 7 & 40)
  • Primary gustatory area (taste area, area 43)
  • Primary auditory area (Heschl’s area, areas 41 & 42)
  • Auditory association area (Wernicke’s area, area 22)
  • Primary visual area (area 17)
  • Visual association areas (areas 18, 19 & 39)
  • Sensory speech (language) areas (present in the dominant hemisphere)
87
Q

Site of General (somatic) sensory area (areas 3, 1, 2)

A
  • Postcentral gyrus & posterior part of paracentral lobule.
88
Q

Function of General (somatic) sensory area (areas 3, 1, 2)

A
  • Perception of all sensations
    from the opposite side of the body &face
89
Q

Representation of General (somatic) sensory area (areas 3, 1, 2)

A
  • Opposite half of body is represented upside down.
90
Q

What does a lesion in General (somatic) sensory area (areas 3, 1, 2) cause?

A
  • Loss of all sensations on the opposite side of the body & face followed by crude awareness of pain,temperature and touch after recovery from the acute stage.
91
Q

Site of Somatosensory association area (areas 5, 7 & 40)

A

(areas 5,7):
- Superior parietal lobule.

(Area 40):
- Supramarginal gyrus

92
Q

Function of Somatosensory association area (areas 5, 7 & 40)

A

Stereognosis

  • Interpretation of senses received in the general sensory area (recognition of size, shape & texture of objects)
93
Q

what does a lesion in Somatosensory association area (areas 5, 7 & 40) cause?

A

Astereognosis

  • Inability to recognize objects by the sense of touch and pressure with eyes closed.
94
Q

Site of Primary gustatory area (taste
area, area 43)

A
  • Lower end of the general sensory area.
95
Q

Function of Primary gustatory area (taste area, area 43)

A
  • Discrimination of different taste sensations.
96
Q

Site of Primary auditory area (Heschl’s area, areas 41 & 42)

A
  • Middle of the superior temporal gyrus.
97
Q

Function of Primary auditory area (Heschl’s area, areas 41 & 42)

A
  • Perception of sounds from the 2 ears, mainly from the opposite ear.
98
Q

Lesion in Primary auditory area (Heschl’s area, areas 41 & 42)

A
  • Bilateral diminution of hearing mainly on the opposite side.
99
Q

Site of Auditory association area
(Wernicke’s area, area 22)

A
  • Posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus.
100
Q

Function of Auditory association area
(Wernicke’s area, area 22)

A
  • understands the spoken language.
  • It is a sensory speech area.
101
Q

Lesion in Auditory association area
(Wernicke’s area, area 22)

A

Auditory agnosia:
- inability to recognize sounds.

Sensory aphasia:
- inability to understand the spoken language.

102
Q

Site of Primary visual area (area 17)

A
  • Lips of calcarine sulcus (above and below calcarine sulcus).
103
Q

Function of Primary visual area (area 17)

A
  • Perception of light.
104
Q

Lesion in Primary visual area (area 17)

A
  • Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing.
105
Q

Site of Visual association areas
(areas 18, 19 & 39)

A

Areas 18, 19:

  • Above and below primary visual area.

Area 39:

  • In angular gyrus.
106
Q

Function of Visual association areas
(areas 18, 19 & 39)

A

Areas 18, 19:
- Recognition of what we see.

Area 39:
- understand written language.

107
Q

Lesion in Visual association areas
(areas 18, 19 & 39)

A

Visual agnosia:
- inability to recognize what we see.

Alexia & agraphia:
- inability to read & write (Lesion in angular gyrus).

108
Q

Sensory speech (language) areas (present in the dominant hemisphere)

A
  • Sensory speech areas.
  • Motor speech area (Broca’s area).
109
Q

Significance of connection between The sensory speech areas are connected with the motor speech
area (Broca’s area)

A
  • to answer a spoken or a written question.
110
Q

Site of Sensory speech (language) areas (present in the dominant hemisphere)

A

Wernicke’s area (Area 22):
- In superior temporal gyrus.

(area 39):
- In angular gyrus.

(Area 40):
- In supramarginal gyrus.

111
Q

Functions of Sensory speech (language) areas (present in the dominant hemisphere)

A

Wernicke’s area (Area 22):
- Understands spoken language

(area 39):
- Understands written language

(Area 40):
two main functions

  • Recognition of size, shape & texture of objects (Stereognosis).
  • Recognition of the individual’s body image (left from right side).
112
Q

lesion in Sensory speech (language) areas (present in the dominant hemisphere)

A
  • In the dominant hemisphere
  • In the non-dominant hemisphere:
113
Q

lesion in Sensory speech (language) areas (present in the dominant hemisphere) in dominant hemisphere

A
  • Lesion in Wernicke’s area
  • Lesion in the angullar gyrus
  • Lesion limited to the supramarginal gyrus
114
Q

Lesion in Wernicke’s area in dominant hemisphere

A

Auditory agnosia: inability to recognize sounds.

Sensory aphasia: inability to understand spoken langua

115
Q

Lesion in the angullar gyrus in dominant hemisphere

A

inability to understand written language

Alexia: inability to read.
Agraphia: inability to write.

116
Q

Lesion limited to the supramarginal gyrus in dominant hemisphere

A

Tactile agnosia (astereognosis):
- inability to recognize objects by the sense of touch with the eyes closed.

Unilateral neglect:
- inability to recognize his left from right side.

116
Q

Lesion in Sensory speech (language) areas (present in the dominant hemisphere) in non-dominant hemisphere

A
  • Disturbances in drawing
117
Q

what are sulci of Medial Surface?

A
  • Callosal sulcus.
  • Cingulate sulcus.
  • Marginal sulcus.
  • Subparietal sulcus.
  • Calcarine sulcus.
  • Parieto-occipital sulcus.
118
Q

what are gyri of Medial Surface?

A
  • Cingulate gyrus
  • Lingual gyrus.
  • Cuneus.
  • Precuneus.
  • Paracentral lobule.
119
Q

Cortical areas in Medial Surface

A

Primary visual area (area 17):
- lips of the calcarine sulcus.

Visual association areas (areas 18 & 19):
- on either side of the primary visual area.

Extension of the primary motor & general sensory areas:
- In the anterior & posterior parts of the paracentral lobule, respectively.

Prefrontal cortex (personality center):
- In the frontal pole.

120
Q

parts of Inferior Surface

A
  • Orbital surface
  • Tentorial surface
121
Q

Sulci in Orbital surface

A
  • Olfactory sulcus.
  • Orbital sulcus (H-shaped)
122
Q

Gyri in Orbital surface

A
  • Gyrus rectus: medial to the olfactory sulcus.
  • Orbital gyri.
123
Q

Sulci in Tentorial surface

A
  • Collateral sulcus.
  • Rhinal sulcus.
  • Occipitotemporal sulcus.
124
Q

gyri in tentorial surface

A
  • Parahippocampal gyrus.
  • Uncus (the anterior end of the parahippocampal gyrus).
  • Occipitotemporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus): Between collateral & occipitotemporal sulci.
125
Q

Cortical areas of Inferior Surface

A
  • Primary olfactory area
  • Olfactory association area (area 28)
  • Face recognition area (area 37)
126
Q

Site of Primary olfactory area

A

Uncus

127
Q

lesion in uncus

A

olfactory hallucinations.

128
Q

Site of Olfactory association area (area 28)

A
  • anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus & the amygdaloid nucleus.
129
Q

Function of Olfactory association area (area 28)

A
  • recognition of different odors
130
Q

Site of Face recognition area (area 37)

A
  • Posterior part of fusiform gyrus.
131
Q

Lesion in Face recognition area (area 37)

A

Prospagnosia: inability to recognize familiar faces.

132
Q

compenents of limbic system

A

a) Nuclei
b) Fibers

133
Q

nuclei (gray matter) of limbic system

A
  • Limbic lobe (Cingulate gyrus, Parahippocampal gyrus, Uncus).
  • Hippocampal Formation (Hippocampus, Dentate gyrus).
  • Hypothalamus (Mamillary body)
  • Anterior & medial thalamic nuclei
  • Septal nuclei
  • Amygdaloid
  • Habinular nucleus
134
Q

Fibers (white matter) connecting the nuclei of limbic system

A
  • Cingulum
  • Fornix (Fimbria, Crus, Body, Anterior column)
  • Mamillothalamic Tract .
  • Anterior Thalamic Radiation
  • Stria Terminalis
  • Stria Medullaris Thalami
135
Q

Cingulum

A
  • fiber of the limbic lobe
136
Q

Fornix (Fimbria, Crus, Body, Anterior column)

A
  • connect hippocampus
    & mammillary body
137
Q

Mamillothalamic Tract

A
  • from mammillary body to anterior thalamic nucleus.
138
Q

Anterior Thalamic Radiation

A
  • from anterior thalamic nucleus to the cingulate gyrus & from medial thalamic nucleus to prefrontal cortex.
139
Q

Stria Terminalis

A
  • from amygdaloid nucleus to septal area.
140
Q

Stria Medullaris Thalami

A
  • from septal area to habinular nucleus
141
Q

what are nerve fibers of white matter?

A

Commisural fibers:
- connect the same cortical areas of two cerebral hemispheres.

Association fibers:
- connect cortical areas in the same cerebral hemisphere.

Projection fibers:
- connect the cerebral cortex with subcortical areas.

142
Q

types of Commissural fibers

A

1- Corpus callosum.
2- Anterior commissure
3- Posterior commissure
4- Hippocampal commissure: connect 2 fornices and 2 hippocampi
5- Habenular commissure:Connect 2 habenular nulei

143
Q

function of corpus callosum

A
  • Transfere information between 2 hemisphere
144
Q

what is the rostrum of corpus callosum continous with?

A

continous with lamina terminalis

145
Q

what does the fibers of genu of corpus callosum form?

A
  • its fibers form forceps minor that connect the two frontal lobes.
146
Q

what does the body of corpus callosum form?

A

Form radiation of corpus callosum posterior fibers called tapetum connect two temporal lobes

147
Q

what does the splenium of corpus callosum form?

A
  • its fibers form forceps major that connect the two occipital lobes.
148
Q

Blood supply of Corpus Callosum

A
  • Supplied by Anterior cerebral artery .
  • Splenium may supplied by posterior cerebral artery.
149
Q

Lesion of corpus callosum

A

Callosal Apraxia:

  • The language and memory processes not be accessible to non dominant hemisphere cause left sided disorders
150
Q

Function of Anterior commisure

A
  • Anterior commissure: connect the two temporal lobes
151
Q

Function of posterior commisure

A

Connects:

  • two superior colliculi
  • the pretectal nucleus and Edinger Westiphal N for bilateral light reflex.
  • Two occulomotor nuclei for upward gaze
152
Q

function of association fibers

A
  • Connect one cortical area with another area in same cortical hemisphere
153
Q

types of association fibers

A
  • Short association fibers connect adjacent cortical areas
  • Long association fibers connect distant cortical areas
154
Q

examples of association fibers

A
  • Superior longitudinal Fasciculus arcuate fasciculus Connect 4 lobes together
  • Inferior longitudinal Fasciculus Connect occipital lobe with temporal lobe
  • Uncinate Fasciculus Connect frontal lobe with temporal lobe
  • Cingulum (limbic lobe) Connect cingulate gyrus with parahippocampal gyrus end in uncus
155
Q

function of projection fibers

A
  • connect the cerebral cortex with subcortical areas. Form a compact bundle called internal capsule.
156
Q

types of projection fibers

A
  • Ascending projection fibers as thalamocortical fibers
  • Descending projection fibers as corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers
157
Q

Components of the basal ganglia

A
  • Corpus Striatum
  • Amygdaloid nucleus
  • Claustrum
158
Q

what is corpus striatum formed of?

A

Caudate nucleus: head, body & tail.

Lentiform nucleus: putamen & glabus pallidus.

159
Q

what is amygdaloid nucleus functionally part of?

A

functionally, it is a part of the limbic system.

160
Q

Shape of Caudate nucleus

A

C shaped

161
Q

What is Caudate nucleus formed of?

A

formed of head, body & tail.

162
Q

what is The head of caudate separated from the lentiform nucleus by?

A
  • by the anterior limb of internal
    capsule.
163
Q

what is The body of caudate separated from the thalamus by?

A

thalamostriate vein and stria terminalis.

164
Q

Relations of caudate and amygdaloid to the lateral ventricle

A
  • Head of caudate forms the lateral wall of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle.
  • Body of caudate lies the floor of the central part of the lateral ventricle.
  • Tail of caudate and amygdaloid lie the roof of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle.
165
Q

what is Lentiform nucleus formed of?

A

formed of putamen (lateral part) & glabus pallidus (medial part).

166
Q

Relations of Lentiform nucleus

A

Medially: internal capsule
- Anterior limb: separating it from the head of caudate.
- Posterior limb: separating it from the thalamus.

Laterally:
- external capsule separating it from the claustrum.

Inferiorly:
- related to amygdaloid nucleus & anterior commissure.

167
Q

Definition of internal capsule

A
  • A band of projection fibers
168
Q

Parts of internal capsule

A

Anterior Limb: between head of caudate and lentiform
——–
Genu: opposite the apex of lentiform
———-
Posterior Limb:

Lenticulothalamic part: between lentiform and thalamus

Reterolenticular part: behind lentiform

Sublenticular part: below lentiform

169
Q

Fiber content of the internal capsule

A
  • Anterior limb
  • Genu
  • Posterior limb
170
Q

Fiber content of Anterior limb

A

Anterior thalamic radiation: From anterior & mediodorsal thalamic nuclei, to the frontal cortex.

Frontopontine fibers: That project to pontine nuclei, in the basal part of the Pons.

171
Q

Fiber content of Genu of internal capsule

A

Corticobulbar fibers.

172
Q

Fiber content of posterior part of internal capsule

A
  • Lenticothalamic part
  • Retrolentiular part
  • sublenticular part
173
Q

fiber content of Lenticothalamic part

A
  • Corticospinal fibers.
  • Thalamocortical.
  • Frontorubral.
  • Main sensory (superior thalamic ) radiation, from the ventral posterior nucleus to the primary somatosensory cortex.
174
Q

Fiber content of Retrolentiular part

A
  • contains posterior thalamic radiation (optic radiation & fibers from pulvinar to the sensory association areas).
175
Q

Fiber content of sublenticular part

A
  • contains Auditory radiation & nonfrontopontine fibers.

Revise blood supply from PPT (VIP)

176
Q

what is the lateral ventricle?

A
  • It is the cavity of the cerebral hemisphere.
177
Q

shape and lining of lateral ventricle

A
  • C shaped lined with ependyma and filled with CSF.
178
Q

parts of lateral ventricle

A

1) Anterior horn.
2) Body.
3) Posterior horn.
4) Inferior horn.

179
Q

relation of anterior horn of lateral ventricle

A

PPT

180
Q

relation of body or central part of lateral ventricle

A

PPT

181
Q

relation of posterior horn of lateral ventricle

A

PPT

182
Q

relation of inferior horn of lateral ventricle

A

PPT

183
Q

The lateral ventricle communicates with the 3rd ventricle through……

A

interventricular foramen of Monro.

184
Q

The choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle is attached to…..

A

body and inferior horn of lateral ventricle

Practical - Y2B4 (Central Nervous System) 📙 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions