anatomy Flashcards
tibialis anterior
lateral surface of tibia
medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1
deep fibular nerve
dorsiflexion
fibulas tertius
medial surface of fibula
dorsum of metatarsal 5
deep fibular nerve
dorsiflexion
extensor digitorum longus
lateral condyle of tibia and medial surface of fibula
dorsum of middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
deep fibular nerve
extends digits 2-5, dorsiflexion
extensor hallucis longus
medial surface of fibula shaft
dorsum of distal phalanx of big toe
deep fibular nerve
extends big toe, dorsiflexion
fibularis longus
lateral condyle of tibia + superior and lateral surface of fibula
medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1
superficial fibular nerve
eversion
fibularis brevis
inferior lateral surface of fibular shaft
tubercle of 5th metatarsal
superifical fibular nerve
eversion
gastrocnemius
lateral head: lateral femoral condyle
medial head: medial femoral condyle
calcaneus via calcanea tendon
tibial nerve
plantar flexion of ankle, flexion of knee
soleus
soleal line of tibia, proximal fibula
calcaneus via calncaneal tendon
tibial nerve
plantar flexion of foot
plantaris
lateral supracondylar line of femur
calcaneus via calcanea tendon
tibial nerve
plantar flexion
tibialis posterior
interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia and fibular
bases of 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsals
tibial nerve
plantar flexion, inversion of foot
popliteus
lateral condyle of femur, lateral meniscus of knee joint
posterior proximal tibia
tibial nerve
lateral rotation of femur, unlocks knee joint
flexor hallucis longus
posterior surface of fibula
base of distal phalanx of big toe
tibial nerve
flexion of big toe
flexor digitorum longus
medial surface of tibia
bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
tibial nerve
flexion of 2-5
biceps femoris
long head - ischial tuberosity
short head - linea aspera
!!!! lateral head of fibula !!!!!
long head - tibial parts of sciatic nerve
short head - common fibular part of sciatic nerve
flexion of knee, extension of hip, external rotation of thigh+knee
semi tendinosus
ischial tuberosity
medial surface of tibia
tibial part of sciatic nerve
flexion of knee, extension of hip, internal rotation of knee+thigh
semi Membranosus
(towards Midline of body)
ischial tuberosity
medial tibial condyle
tibial part of sciatic nerve
flexion of knee, extension of hip, internal rotation knee+ thigh
adductor longus
pubis
linea aspera
obturator nerve
adduction
adductor brevis
body and inferior ramus of pubis
linea aspera
obturator nerve
adduction
adductor magnus
adductor part: (very similar to adductor brevis/longus!!)
inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
linea aspera
obturator nerve
adduction + flexion
hamstring part: (similar to long head biceps femur/semitendinosus/semimembranosus!!!!)
ischial tuberosity
adductor tubercle of femur
tibial part of sciatic nerve
adduction + extension
gracilis
body and inferior ramus of pubis
medial surface of tibial shaft
obturator nerve
adduction
obturator externus
obturator membrane/foramen
trochanteric fossa of femur
obturator nerve
lateral rotation
rectus femoris
ASIS, ilium
quadriceps tendon –> patella
femoral nerve
extension of knee
vastus lateralis
greater trochanter of femur, lateral lip of linea aspera
quadriceps tendon –> patella
femoral nerve
extension of knee
vastus intermedius
femoral shaft
qaudriceps tendon –> patella
femoral nerve
extension of knee
vastus medialis
intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera
qaudriceps tendon –> patella
femoral nerve
extension of knee
iliacus
iliac fossa + ASIS
lesser trochanter
femoral nerve
flexes thigh at hip
psoas major
lumber vertebrae T12-L5
lesser trochanter
anterior rami of lumbar nerve L1-3
flexes thigh at hip
psoas minor
T12 -L1
pectineal line of pubis + iliopubic eminence
anterior rami of L1-L2
flexes thigh at hip
pectineus
pectineal line of pubis
pectineal line of femur
femoral nerve
flexion + adduction
sartorius
ASIS
superior medial tibia
femoral nerve
flexes thigh and knee
piriformis
anterior sacrum
greater trochanter
nerve to piriformis
lateral rotation and abduction
obturator internus
obturator membrane
greater trochanter
nerve to obturator internus
lateral rotation and abduction
superior gemellus
ischial spine
greater trochanter
nerve to obturator internus
lateral rotation and abduction
inferior gemellus
ischial tuberosity
greater trochanter
nerve to quadrates femoris
lateral rotation and abduction
quadratus femoris
ischial tubeority
quadrate tubercle of femur
nerve to quadratus femoris
lateral rotation
gluteus maximus
posterior surface of ileum, sacrum. coccyx
iliotibial tract
inferior gluteal nerve
extends thigh. laterally rotates
gluteus medius
posterior surface of ileum
greater trochanter of femur
superior gluteal nerve
abducts and medially rotates thigh
gluteus minimus
posterior surface of ileum
greater trochanter
superior gluteal nerve
abducts and medially rotates thigh
tensor fascia latae
ASIS
iliotibial tract
superior gluteal nerve
abducts and medially rotates thigh
external oblique
ribs 5-12
iliac crest and pubic tubercle
thoracoabdominal nerves T7-11, subcostal nerve T12
contralateral rotation of torso
internal oblique
inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
ribs 10-12
thoracoabdominal nerves T7-11, subcostal nerve T12, lumbar plexus
bilateral contraction: compresses abdomen
unilateral contraction: ipsilaterally rotates torso
transversus abdominis
inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, costal cartilages 7-12
xiphoid process, linea alba, conjoint tendon, pubic crest
thoracoabdominal nerves T7-11, subcostal nerve T12, lumbar plexus
compresses abdominal contents (most important muscle in raising intra abdominal pressure)
rectus abdominis
pubic crest
xiphoid process of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
thoracoabdominal nerves T7-11
compresses abdominal viscera, stabilises pelvis during walking, depresses ribs
order of tendons on medial side of foot
tibias posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
which nerves and vessels run on the posterior surface of tibialis posterior, laterally
fibular vein and artery
(along fibular, covered at bottom by flexor hallucinate longus)
which nerves and vessels run on the posterior surface of tibialis posterior, medially
posterior tibial vein and artery
tibial nerve (most inside)
is superficial fibular nerve medial or lateral
lateral
which nerves and vessels run on the anterior surface of tibialis posterior
and which direction do they run
deep fibular nerve
anterior tibial artery + vein
laterally to medially
what does the sciatic nerve split into
tibial nerve
common fibular nerve - gives off lateral sural cutaneous
what nerve is seen with the small saphenous vein and where
medial sural cutaneous
between lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius - on plantaris
which foot bone is most medial
navicular
cuboid is lateral
what are the ligaments in front and behind of the hip joint
front
top = iliofemoral
bottom = pubofemoral
back
ischiofemoral
ligament across bottom of acetabulum
transverse acetabular ligament
lining of acetabulum
acetabular labrum
where does ligament of head of femur attach
fovea
name of nerve along 2nd metatarsal
deep fibular nerve
list of structures seen on lateral side of foot
superficial fibular nerve
fibularis brevis
fibularis longus
small saphenous vein > left marginal vein > dorsal venous arch
sural nerve
order of structures even on medial side of foot
great saphenous vein
saphenous nerve
tibialis posterior tendon
flexor digitorum longus tendon
posterior tibial veins and arteries
tibial nerve
flexor hallucis longus tendon
what nerve is seen with the saphenous vein
saphenous nerve
4 main nerves seen in gluteal region
sciatic
posterior femoral cutaneous
pudendal
perforating cutaneous
what nerve lies over the medial rectus
nasociliary nerve
what are the 2 divisions of the opthalmic divisions of the trigeminal nerve, seen from above, and which muscles do they lie over
frontal (over levator palpebral superioris)
lacrimal (over lateral rectus)
what are the 3 holes seen in eye socket in the sphenoid bone and what passes through each one
optic canal: (cn2) optic nerve, ophthalmic artery
superior orbital fissure: (cn 3,4,5-1,6) oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, opthalmic nerve, abducens nerve, opthalmic vessels, sympathetic fibres
inferior orbital fissure: (cn 5-2) maxillary nerve, infraorbital vessels
what does superior oblique hook around
trochlea
what do the eye muscles insert into
common tendinous ring
what gives general sensation to anterior and posterior regions of nasal cavity
trigeminal nerve
anterior = V1 ophthalmic
posterior = V2 maxillary
full innervation of nasal cavity
olfactory nerve
trigeminal nerve
facial nerve
sympathetic neurones
what is the inside fossa area of the auricle called
concha of auricle
top = cymba
bottom = cavity
which nerve is seen directly over the external acoustic meatus
auriculotemporal nerve
which muscle is seen directly above external acoustic meatus
temporalis muscle
what is seen directly below external acoustic meatus
parotid glands + superior parotid lymph nodes
motor function of facial nerve
muscles of facial expression
stapedius
stylohyoid
posterior belly of digastric
sensory function of facial nerve
taste
- anterior 2/3 of tongue
parasympathetic
-lacrimal /mucous /sublingual /submandibular glands
- hard and soft palate
general sensation
- external acoustic meatus to deeper parts of auricle
order of nerves in cavernous sinus
optic
opthalmic
trochlear
abducens (towards middle)
trigeminal V1
trigeminal V2
routes of inferior gluteal nerve
L5
S1
S2
routes of superior gluteal nerve
L4 - S1
routes of nerve to obturator internus
L5
S1
roots of nerve which supplies piriformis
S1
S2
routes of nerve to quadratus femoris
L4 - S1
routes of femoral nerve
L2-4
routes of nerves to psoas major
L1-3
routes of nerves to psoas minor
L1-2
routes of obturator nerve
L2-4
routes of sciatic nerve
L4 - S3
routes of deep fibular nerve
L4- S1
routes of superficial fibular nerve
L4-S1
routes of tibial nerve
L4-S3
structures that leave through greater sciatic notch
suprapiriformis foramen
= superior gluteal artery, vein, nerve
infrapiriformis foramen = POPS IQ
pudendal nerve
nerve to obturator internus
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
sciatic nerve
inferior gluteal nerve + vessels
nerve to Quadratus femoris
structures that travel through the lesser sciatic notch
pudendal nerve (leaves through greater and re enters through lesser)
internal pudendal artery + vein
nerve to obturator internus
tendon of obturator internus
female inguinal canal contents
round ligament of uterus
ilioinguinal nerve
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
blood and lymphatic vessels
male inguinal canal contents
spermatic cord
ilioinguinal nerve
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
blood and lymphatic vessels
4 walls of inguinal canal
superior wall 2 muscles
- internal oblique muscle
- transverses abdominis muscle
anterior wall 2 aponeuroses
- aponeurosis of external oblique
- aponeurosis of internal oblique
floor 2 ligaments
- inguinal ligament
- lacunar ligament
posterior wall 2 Ts
- Transversalis fascia
- conjoint Tendon
what goes over the ureter in males
vas deferns
bulbourethral gland
produces lubricating mucus secretion, expels urine from uretehra, neutralises residual acidity in urethra
seminal vesicle
secretes alkaline fluid with coagulant agents and fructose
prostate gland
secretes proteolytic enzymes into semen
name of venous plexus on testes
pampiniform plexus
lines on scrotum
scrotum raphe
varicocele of testes
enlargement fo panpinifrom veins due to defective valves or compression of nearby structure
retropertineal organs
S: suprarenal (adrenal) gland
A: aorta/IVC
D: duodenum (second and third part)
P: pancreas (except tail)
U: ureters
C: colon (ascending and descending)
K: kidneys
E: (o)oesophagus
R: rectum
2 ligaments of spleen
gastrosplenic = between stomach and spleen
splenorenal = between kidney and spleen
which is above, splenic artery or vein
splenic artery is above
which ribs protect spleen
9,10,11
level of pancreas
L1
order of SMV and SMA under pancreas
SMV - next to head (in the corner)
SMA - on side
where does MOD and CBD open into
2nd part of duodenum
blood supply of ascending colon
ileocolic artery and right colic artery of SMA
where does SMA arise
1 cm below CT
where does CT arise
T12-L1
aorta birfurcation
L4
blood supply of descending colon
ascending and descending branches of left colic artery of IMA
liver’s dual supply
25% arterial - keeps it healthy
75% venous - detoxification and regulates nutrients
what drains distal colon
IMV –> splenic artery
what drains majority of fore gut
splenic veins
what drains proximal colon and small bowel
SMV
what are the retroperitoneal lymph nodes and where do they drain
pre aortic
para aortic
into cisterns chill
differentiate between jejunum and ileum
jejunum = less arterial arcades and longer vasa recta, redder, thicker, more folds
ileum = more arterial arcades and shorter vasa recta, less red, thinner, lesss folds
surrounding kidneys
perineohric fat
renal fascia
paranephric fat
which kidney sits lower
right
which is most right, IVC or aorta
IVC = right
aorta = left
which muscle does ureter lie over
psoas major
arteries to the kidney/adrenal gland from top to bottom
superior suprarenal
middel suprarenal
inferior suprarenal
renal
veins from from kidneys/adrenal glands
renal vein
branches = suprarenal vein
and ovarian/testicular vein
start, diaphragm entrance and end of oesophagus
start at C6
cross diaphragm at T10
enters stomach at T11
oesphagus constrcitions
ABCD
arch of aorta
left bronchus
cricoid cartilage
diaphragm
arterial supply of oesophagus
thoracic - inferior thyroid artery
abdominal - left gastric artery
venous drainage of oesophagus
thoracic - azygous vein
abdominal - left gastric vein
what level is transpyloric vein and what lies there
L1
stomach
innervation of stomach
vagal trunk and coeliac plexus T6-9
blood supply of duodenum
superior and inferior duodenal arteries
drainage of duodenum
portal vein
innervation of duodenum
vagal trunk and coeliac plexus T8-10
what is duodenum suspended by
ligament of treitz
what supplies the jejenoileum
SMA - arterial arcades and vasa recta
what drains the jejenoileum
SMV
what absorbs fat from the jejenoileum
lacteals
what innervates the jejenoileum
SMA plexus
- postsynaptic neurones from SMA and coeliac ganglion
- presynaptic neurones from vagal trunk
blood supply of caecum and appendix
iliocolic artery
drainage of caecum and appendix
SMV
innervation of caecum and appendix
SMA plexus
- postsynaptic neurones from SMA and coeliac ganglion
- presynaptic neurones from vagal trunk
what rib level is hectic flexure
9-10
what level is transverse colon
L3
what level does sigmoid terminate
S3
blood supply of colon
R and middle = SMA
L and sigmoidal = IMA
transverse = 2/3 SMA, 1/3 IMA
innervation of colon
until spelinic flexure
- thoracic trunk to SM plexus and vagal trunk
after splenic flexure
- lumbar trunk to splanchnic nerves and IM plexus
blood supply of gall bladder
cystic artery
drainage of gall bladder
cystic veins
innervation of gall bladder
coeliac plexus - sympathetic, afferent
vagus nerve - contraction and relaxation of sphincters
which nerves can be seen over quadratus lumborum
subcostal
iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal
lateral femoral cutaneous
which nerve is seen behind psoas major
femoral
which nerve is seen on psoas major
genitofemoral (short femoral branch is lateral, genital branch is medial)
a deficiency in what forms the deep inguinal ring
transversals fascia
what is the neck of the stomach called
cardia
what is the sphincter between the stomach and duodenum
pyloric sphincter
what is the band on the caecum called
free taenia of cecum
nervous plexus seen when reflecting greater omentum
coeliac plexus
order of arteries seen when reflecting omentum
right = SMA
left = SMV
right = jejunal arteries
left = ileal arteries
what are the vessels between renal pyramids called
renal columns
artery on inferior surface of diaphragm
inferior phrenic artery
nerve coming out from under bottom of kidney
iliohypogastric
bottom branch of renal artery within kidney
inferior segmental artery of kidney
veins and artery branches to the renal pyramids
interlober veins and arteries
what does azygous drain into, and at what level
SVC
T4
