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BRS 1b > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

tibialis anterior

A

lateral surface of tibia
medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1
deep fibular nerve
dorsiflexion

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2
Q

fibulas tertius

A

medial surface of fibula
dorsum of metatarsal 5
deep fibular nerve
dorsiflexion

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3
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

lateral condyle of tibia and medial surface of fibula
dorsum of middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5
deep fibular nerve
extends digits 2-5, dorsiflexion

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4
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

medial surface of fibula shaft
dorsum of distal phalanx of big toe
deep fibular nerve
extends big toe, dorsiflexion

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5
Q

fibularis longus

A

lateral condyle of tibia + superior and lateral surface of fibula
medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1
superficial fibular nerve
eversion

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6
Q

fibularis brevis

A

inferior lateral surface of fibular shaft
tubercle of 5th metatarsal
superifical fibular nerve
eversion

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7
Q

gastrocnemius

A

lateral head: lateral femoral condyle
medial head: medial femoral condyle
calcaneus via calcanea tendon
tibial nerve
plantar flexion of ankle, flexion of knee

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8
Q

soleus

A

soleal line of tibia, proximal fibula
calcaneus via calncaneal tendon
tibial nerve
plantar flexion of foot

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9
Q

plantaris

A

lateral supracondylar line of femur
calcaneus via calcanea tendon
tibial nerve
plantar flexion

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10
Q

tibialis posterior

A

interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia and fibular
bases of 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsals
tibial nerve
plantar flexion, inversion of foot

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11
Q

popliteus

A

lateral condyle of femur, lateral meniscus of knee joint
posterior proximal tibia
tibial nerve
lateral rotation of femur, unlocks knee joint

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12
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

posterior surface of fibula
base of distal phalanx of big toe
tibial nerve
flexion of big toe

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13
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

medial surface of tibia
bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
tibial nerve
flexion of 2-5

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14
Q

biceps femoris

A

long head - ischial tuberosity
short head - linea aspera
!!!! lateral head of fibula !!!!!
long head - tibial parts of sciatic nerve
short head - common fibular part of sciatic nerve
flexion of knee, extension of hip, external rotation of thigh+knee

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15
Q

semi tendinosus

A

ischial tuberosity
medial surface of tibia
tibial part of sciatic nerve
flexion of knee, extension of hip, internal rotation of knee+thigh

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16
Q

semi Membranosus
(towards Midline of body)

A

ischial tuberosity
medial tibial condyle
tibial part of sciatic nerve
flexion of knee, extension of hip, internal rotation knee+ thigh

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17
Q

adductor longus

A

pubis
linea aspera
obturator nerve
adduction

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18
Q

adductor brevis

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis
linea aspera
obturator nerve
adduction

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19
Q

adductor magnus

A

adductor part: (very similar to adductor brevis/longus!!)
inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
linea aspera
obturator nerve
adduction + flexion

hamstring part: (similar to long head biceps femur/semitendinosus/semimembranosus!!!!)
ischial tuberosity
adductor tubercle of femur
tibial part of sciatic nerve
adduction + extension

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20
Q

gracilis

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis
medial surface of tibial shaft
obturator nerve
adduction

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21
Q

obturator externus

A

obturator membrane/foramen
trochanteric fossa of femur
obturator nerve
lateral rotation

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22
Q

rectus femoris

A

ASIS, ilium
quadriceps tendon –> patella
femoral nerve
extension of knee

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23
Q

vastus lateralis

A

greater trochanter of femur, lateral lip of linea aspera
quadriceps tendon –> patella
femoral nerve
extension of knee

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24
Q

vastus intermedius

A

femoral shaft
qaudriceps tendon –> patella
femoral nerve
extension of knee

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25
Q

vastus medialis

A

intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera
qaudriceps tendon –> patella
femoral nerve
extension of knee

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26
Q

iliacus

A

iliac fossa + ASIS
lesser trochanter
femoral nerve
flexes thigh at hip

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27
Q

psoas major

A

lumber vertebrae T12-L5
lesser trochanter
anterior rami of lumbar nerve L1-3
flexes thigh at hip

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28
Q

psoas minor

A

T12 -L1
pectineal line of pubis + iliopubic eminence
anterior rami of L1-L2
flexes thigh at hip

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29
Q

pectineus

A

pectineal line of pubis
pectineal line of femur
femoral nerve
flexion + adduction

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30
Q

sartorius

A

ASIS
superior medial tibia
femoral nerve
flexes thigh and knee

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31
Q

piriformis

A

anterior sacrum
greater trochanter
nerve to piriformis
lateral rotation and abduction

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32
Q

obturator internus

A

obturator membrane
greater trochanter
nerve to obturator internus
lateral rotation and abduction

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33
Q

superior gemellus

A

ischial spine
greater trochanter
nerve to obturator internus
lateral rotation and abduction

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34
Q

inferior gemellus

A

ischial tuberosity
greater trochanter
nerve to quadrates femoris
lateral rotation and abduction

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35
Q

quadratus femoris

A

ischial tubeority
quadrate tubercle of femur
nerve to quadratus femoris
lateral rotation

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36
Q

gluteus maximus

A

posterior surface of ileum, sacrum. coccyx
iliotibial tract
inferior gluteal nerve
extends thigh. laterally rotates

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37
Q

gluteus medius

A

posterior surface of ileum
greater trochanter of femur
superior gluteal nerve
abducts and medially rotates thigh

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38
Q

gluteus minimus

A

posterior surface of ileum
greater trochanter
superior gluteal nerve
abducts and medially rotates thigh

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39
Q

tensor fascia latae

A

ASIS
iliotibial tract
superior gluteal nerve
abducts and medially rotates thigh

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40
Q

external oblique

A

ribs 5-12
iliac crest and pubic tubercle
thoracoabdominal nerves T7-11, subcostal nerve T12
contralateral rotation of torso

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41
Q

internal oblique

A

inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
ribs 10-12
thoracoabdominal nerves T7-11, subcostal nerve T12, lumbar plexus
bilateral contraction: compresses abdomen
unilateral contraction: ipsilaterally rotates torso

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42
Q

transversus abdominis

A

inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, costal cartilages 7-12
xiphoid process, linea alba, conjoint tendon, pubic crest
thoracoabdominal nerves T7-11, subcostal nerve T12, lumbar plexus
compresses abdominal contents (most important muscle in raising intra abdominal pressure)

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43
Q

rectus abdominis

A

pubic crest
xiphoid process of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
thoracoabdominal nerves T7-11
compresses abdominal viscera, stabilises pelvis during walking, depresses ribs

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44
Q

order of tendons on medial side of foot

A

tibias posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

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45
Q

which nerves and vessels run on the posterior surface of tibialis posterior, laterally

A

fibular vein and artery
(along fibular, covered at bottom by flexor hallucinate longus)

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46
Q

which nerves and vessels run on the posterior surface of tibialis posterior, medially

A

posterior tibial vein and artery
tibial nerve (most inside)

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47
Q

is superficial fibular nerve medial or lateral

A

lateral

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48
Q

which nerves and vessels run on the anterior surface of tibialis posterior
and which direction do they run

A

deep fibular nerve
anterior tibial artery + vein
laterally to medially

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49
Q

what does the sciatic nerve split into

A

tibial nerve
common fibular nerve - gives off lateral sural cutaneous

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50
Q

what nerve is seen with the small saphenous vein and where

A

medial sural cutaneous
between lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius - on plantaris

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51
Q

which foot bone is most medial

A

navicular
cuboid is lateral

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52
Q

what are the ligaments in front and behind of the hip joint

A

front
top = iliofemoral
bottom = pubofemoral

back
ischiofemoral

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53
Q

ligament across bottom of acetabulum

A

transverse acetabular ligament

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54
Q

lining of acetabulum

A

acetabular labrum

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55
Q

where does ligament of head of femur attach

A

fovea

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56
Q

name of nerve along 2nd metatarsal

A

deep fibular nerve

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57
Q

list of structures seen on lateral side of foot

A

superficial fibular nerve
fibularis brevis
fibularis longus
small saphenous vein > left marginal vein > dorsal venous arch
sural nerve

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58
Q

order of structures even on medial side of foot

A

great saphenous vein
saphenous nerve
tibialis posterior tendon
flexor digitorum longus tendon
posterior tibial veins and arteries
tibial nerve
flexor hallucis longus tendon

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59
Q

what nerve is seen with the saphenous vein

A

saphenous nerve

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60
Q

4 main nerves seen in gluteal region

A

sciatic
posterior femoral cutaneous
pudendal
perforating cutaneous

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61
Q

what nerve lies over the medial rectus

A

nasociliary nerve

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62
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the opthalmic divisions of the trigeminal nerve, seen from above, and which muscles do they lie over

A

frontal (over levator palpebral superioris)
lacrimal (over lateral rectus)

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63
Q

what are the 3 holes seen in eye socket in the sphenoid bone and what passes through each one

A

optic canal: (cn2) optic nerve, ophthalmic artery
superior orbital fissure: (cn 3,4,5-1,6) oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, opthalmic nerve, abducens nerve, opthalmic vessels, sympathetic fibres
inferior orbital fissure: (cn 5-2) maxillary nerve, infraorbital vessels

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64
Q

what does superior oblique hook around

A

trochlea

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65
Q

what do the eye muscles insert into

A

common tendinous ring

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66
Q

what gives general sensation to anterior and posterior regions of nasal cavity

A

trigeminal nerve
anterior = V1 ophthalmic
posterior = V2 maxillary

67
Q

full innervation of nasal cavity

A

olfactory nerve
trigeminal nerve
facial nerve
sympathetic neurones

68
Q

what is the inside fossa area of the auricle called

A

concha of auricle
top = cymba
bottom = cavity

69
Q

which nerve is seen directly over the external acoustic meatus

A

auriculotemporal nerve

70
Q

which muscle is seen directly above external acoustic meatus

A

temporalis muscle

71
Q

what is seen directly below external acoustic meatus

A

parotid glands + superior parotid lymph nodes

72
Q

motor function of facial nerve

A

muscles of facial expression
stapedius
stylohyoid
posterior belly of digastric

73
Q

sensory function of facial nerve

A

taste
- anterior 2/3 of tongue

parasympathetic
-lacrimal /mucous /sublingual /submandibular glands
- hard and soft palate

general sensation
- external acoustic meatus to deeper parts of auricle

74
Q

order of nerves in cavernous sinus

A

optic
opthalmic
trochlear
abducens (towards middle)
trigeminal V1
trigeminal V2

75
Q

routes of inferior gluteal nerve

A

L5
S1
S2

76
Q

routes of superior gluteal nerve

A

L4 - S1

77
Q

routes of nerve to obturator internus

A

L5
S1

78
Q

roots of nerve which supplies piriformis

A

S1
S2

79
Q

routes of nerve to quadratus femoris

A

L4 - S1

80
Q

routes of femoral nerve

A

L2-4

81
Q

routes of nerves to psoas major

A

L1-3

82
Q

routes of nerves to psoas minor

A

L1-2

83
Q

routes of obturator nerve

A

L2-4

84
Q

routes of sciatic nerve

A

L4 - S3

85
Q

routes of deep fibular nerve

A

L4- S1

86
Q

routes of superficial fibular nerve

A

L4-S1

87
Q

routes of tibial nerve

A

L4-S3

88
Q

structures that leave through greater sciatic notch

A

suprapiriformis foramen
= superior gluteal artery, vein, nerve

infrapiriformis foramen = POPS IQ
pudendal nerve
nerve to obturator internus
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
sciatic nerve
inferior gluteal nerve + vessels
nerve to Quadratus femoris

89
Q

structures that travel through the lesser sciatic notch

A

pudendal nerve (leaves through greater and re enters through lesser)
internal pudendal artery + vein
nerve to obturator internus
tendon of obturator internus

90
Q

female inguinal canal contents

A

round ligament of uterus
ilioinguinal nerve
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
blood and lymphatic vessels

91
Q

male inguinal canal contents

A

spermatic cord
ilioinguinal nerve
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
blood and lymphatic vessels

92
Q

4 walls of inguinal canal

A

superior wall 2 muscles
- internal oblique muscle
- transverses abdominis muscle
anterior wall 2 aponeuroses
- aponeurosis of external oblique
- aponeurosis of internal oblique
floor 2 ligaments
- inguinal ligament
- lacunar ligament
posterior wall 2 Ts
- Transversalis fascia
- conjoint Tendon

93
Q

what goes over the ureter in males

A

vas deferns

94
Q

bulbourethral gland

A

produces lubricating mucus secretion, expels urine from uretehra, neutralises residual acidity in urethra

95
Q

seminal vesicle

A

secretes alkaline fluid with coagulant agents and fructose

96
Q

prostate gland

A

secretes proteolytic enzymes into semen

97
Q

name of venous plexus on testes

A

pampiniform plexus

98
Q

lines on scrotum

A

scrotum raphe

99
Q

varicocele of testes

A

enlargement fo panpinifrom veins due to defective valves or compression of nearby structure

100
Q

retropertineal organs

A

S: suprarenal (adrenal) gland
A: aorta/IVC
D: duodenum (second and third part)
P: pancreas (except tail)
U: ureters
C: colon (ascending and descending)
K: kidneys
E: (o)oesophagus
R: rectum

101
Q

2 ligaments of spleen

A

gastrosplenic = between stomach and spleen
splenorenal = between kidney and spleen

102
Q

which is above, splenic artery or vein

A

splenic artery is above

103
Q

which ribs protect spleen

A

9,10,11

104
Q

level of pancreas

A

L1

105
Q

order of SMV and SMA under pancreas

A

SMV - next to head (in the corner)
SMA - on side

106
Q

where does MOD and CBD open into

A

2nd part of duodenum

107
Q

blood supply of ascending colon

A

ileocolic artery and right colic artery of SMA

108
Q

where does SMA arise

A

1 cm below CT

109
Q

where does CT arise

A

T12-L1

110
Q

aorta birfurcation

A

L4

111
Q

blood supply of descending colon

A

ascending and descending branches of left colic artery of IMA

112
Q

liver’s dual supply

A

25% arterial - keeps it healthy
75% venous - detoxification and regulates nutrients

113
Q

what drains distal colon

A

IMV –> splenic artery

114
Q

what drains majority of fore gut

A

splenic veins

115
Q

what drains proximal colon and small bowel

A

SMV

116
Q

what are the retroperitoneal lymph nodes and where do they drain

A

pre aortic
para aortic
into cisterns chill

117
Q

differentiate between jejunum and ileum

A

jejunum = less arterial arcades and longer vasa recta, redder, thicker, more folds
ileum = more arterial arcades and shorter vasa recta, less red, thinner, lesss folds

118
Q

surrounding kidneys

A

perineohric fat
renal fascia
paranephric fat

119
Q

which kidney sits lower

A

right

120
Q

which is most right, IVC or aorta

A

IVC = right
aorta = left

121
Q

which muscle does ureter lie over

A

psoas major

122
Q

arteries to the kidney/adrenal gland from top to bottom

A

superior suprarenal
middel suprarenal
inferior suprarenal
renal

123
Q

veins from from kidneys/adrenal glands

A

renal vein
branches = suprarenal vein
and ovarian/testicular vein

124
Q

start, diaphragm entrance and end of oesophagus

A

start at C6
cross diaphragm at T10
enters stomach at T11

125
Q

oesphagus constrcitions

A

ABCD
arch of aorta
left bronchus
cricoid cartilage
diaphragm

126
Q

arterial supply of oesophagus

A

thoracic - inferior thyroid artery
abdominal - left gastric artery

127
Q

venous drainage of oesophagus

A

thoracic - azygous vein
abdominal - left gastric vein

128
Q

what level is transpyloric vein and what lies there

A

L1
stomach

129
Q

innervation of stomach

A

vagal trunk and coeliac plexus T6-9

130
Q

blood supply of duodenum

A

superior and inferior duodenal arteries

131
Q

drainage of duodenum

A

portal vein

132
Q

innervation of duodenum

A

vagal trunk and coeliac plexus T8-10

133
Q

what is duodenum suspended by

A

ligament of treitz

134
Q

what supplies the jejenoileum

A

SMA - arterial arcades and vasa recta

135
Q

what drains the jejenoileum

A

SMV

136
Q

what absorbs fat from the jejenoileum

A

lacteals

137
Q

what innervates the jejenoileum

A

SMA plexus
- postsynaptic neurones from SMA and coeliac ganglion
- presynaptic neurones from vagal trunk

138
Q

blood supply of caecum and appendix

A

iliocolic artery

139
Q

drainage of caecum and appendix

A

SMV

140
Q

innervation of caecum and appendix

A

SMA plexus
- postsynaptic neurones from SMA and coeliac ganglion
- presynaptic neurones from vagal trunk

141
Q

what rib level is hectic flexure

A

9-10

142
Q

what level is transverse colon

A

L3

143
Q

what level does sigmoid terminate

A

S3

144
Q

blood supply of colon

A

R and middle = SMA
L and sigmoidal = IMA
transverse = 2/3 SMA, 1/3 IMA

145
Q

innervation of colon

A

until spelinic flexure
- thoracic trunk to SM plexus and vagal trunk
after splenic flexure
- lumbar trunk to splanchnic nerves and IM plexus

146
Q

blood supply of gall bladder

A

cystic artery

147
Q

drainage of gall bladder

A

cystic veins

148
Q

innervation of gall bladder

A

coeliac plexus - sympathetic, afferent
vagus nerve - contraction and relaxation of sphincters

149
Q

which nerves can be seen over quadratus lumborum

A

subcostal
iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal
lateral femoral cutaneous

150
Q

which nerve is seen behind psoas major

A

femoral

151
Q

which nerve is seen on psoas major

A

genitofemoral (short femoral branch is lateral, genital branch is medial)

152
Q

a deficiency in what forms the deep inguinal ring

A

transversals fascia

153
Q

what is the neck of the stomach called

A

cardia

154
Q

what is the sphincter between the stomach and duodenum

A

pyloric sphincter

155
Q

what is the band on the caecum called

A

free taenia of cecum

156
Q

nervous plexus seen when reflecting greater omentum

A

coeliac plexus

157
Q

order of arteries seen when reflecting omentum

A

right = SMA
left = SMV
right = jejunal arteries
left = ileal arteries

158
Q

what are the vessels between renal pyramids called

A

renal columns

159
Q

artery on inferior surface of diaphragm

A

inferior phrenic artery

160
Q

nerve coming out from under bottom of kidney

A

iliohypogastric

161
Q

bottom branch of renal artery within kidney

A

inferior segmental artery of kidney

162
Q

veins and artery branches to the renal pyramids

A

interlober veins and arteries

163
Q

what does azygous drain into, and at what level

A

SVC
T4

BRS 1b (10 decks)

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