Anatomy Flashcards
Which structures can be founnd in the central mediastinum?
Heart
thoracic parts of great vessels trachea and esophagus
thymus
Which lung has a more evident cardiac impression?
The left lung
Whuc structures comprise the hilum/root of the lung?
Main bronchui and associated vessels
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary plexus of nerves
lymphatic vessels
What are the surfaces and borders of the lungs?
Costal surface
mediastinal surface
diaphragmatic surface
anterior border
posterior border
inferior border
Compare the structure of the right lung to that of the left
Right lung is larger, heavier, shorter and wider
divides into 3 lobes
2 fissures
smaller cardiac notch
More concave on diaphragmatic surface as right dome of the diaphragm is higher
1 main bronchial artery (left has 2 )
Anatomical significance of the costal pleura?
Separates the costal syrface of the lungs from the ribs, costal cartilages and intercostal muscles
Which impressions can be seen on the mediastinal surface of the right lung?
groove for esophagus, superior vena cava, aygous vein, cardiac impression
Which impressions can be seen on the mediastinal surface of the left lung?
Arch of aorta
esophagus (smaller than right)
descending aorta
cardiac impression (larger than right)
compare the structure of the right main bronchus to that of the left
Right primary bronchi is wider, shorter and has a more vertical trajectory
What structure gives rise to the middle and lower lobar bronchus?
Intermediate lobar bronchus
Describe the divisions of the tracheobronchial tree
Trachea
left/right main bronchus
secondary/lobar bronchi
tertiary/segmental bronchi
conducting bronchioles
terminal/lobular bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alvelous
alveolar sacs
Describe functional/ pumonary circulation of the lungs
Blood comes from the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries
pulmonary arteries arise from the pulmonary trunk at the sternal angle
gas exchange occurs and the blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins
Describe nutritive circulation of the lungs
oxygenation of lungs
bronchial arteries supply root of the lungs, tissue of the lungs and visceral pleura
parietal pleura is supplied by arteries supplying the thoracic wall
Left bronchial arteries arise of thoracic aorta
right bronchial artery arises from upper posterior intercostal artery (usually 3rd posterior intercostal artery) OR a common trunk with left superior bronchial artery OR directly from the aorta
Describe venous drainage of the nutritive circulation
right and left bronchial veins
drain blood near proximal part of the root
drain blood from the esophageal veins
right bronchial drains to azygous vein
left bronchial drains to the acessory hemi-azygous vein
Blood returning from visceral pleura, peripheral regions of the lungs and distal components of the roots
drained by pulmonaryy veins
