anatomy Flashcards
what is a fascicle?
a portion of the muscle, a bundle of cells surrounded by connective tissue sheath
what is a myofibril?
an organelle composed of bundles of myofilamets - composed of sarcomeres end to end
what is a sarcomere?
a segment of myofibril - contractile unit composed of myofilaments made of contractile proteins. THIS IS WHAT CONTRACTS AND RELAXES YOUR MUSCLES
what is a myofilament?
contractile proteins of actin and myosin
is actin thick or thin?
thin
is myosin thick or thin?
thick
what are the two types of muscle fibers?
type 1 - slow twitch / type 2 fast twitch
which type of muscle fibre creates most atp?
slow twitch
which type of muscle fibre has a higher ability to resist fatigue?
type 1 / slow twitch
which muscle fibre uses aerobic systems to maintain long periods of effort?
slow twitch / type 1
which muscle fibre is susceptible for fast fatigue?
fast twitch / type 2
which muscle fiber produces energy rapidly?
fast twitch / type 2
which muscle fiber type is best for rapid intense movements?
type 2b
which muscle fiber type relies mostly on glycogen?
type 2b
which muscle fiber contracts quickly with high myoglobin and capillaries?
type 2a
what comprises the central nervous system?
brain and spinal cord
what makes up the peripheral system of the nervous system?
sensory and motor divisions
connects brain to external environment
what are the efferent systems in the nervous system?
somatic and autonomic
what are the afferent systems in the nervous system?
sympathetic and parasympathetic
what nervous system is designed to keep us alive?
somatic nervous system / SNS
breathing for oxygen
increased hr for blood flor
heightened senses
how can you prevent overstimulation of the SNS?
managing stress
eating balanced diet
reducing stimulant intake
What is the Peripheral nervous system / PNS?
controls cardiac muscle / smooth muscle / glands
regulates basic body functions
how can you train your central nervous system?
specified training + progressive overload
what are some reasons progression of neural adaptations can be stunted?
instability
lack of specificity
self limiting beliefs
How can the body physically look when hitting CNS fatigue?
Muscle spasms or muscle shaking - the CNS is straining to stimulate motor units to move the weight
Define CNS fatigue in lifting
Failure to maintain required force associated with specific alterations in the cns that can’t be explained by dysfunction in muscle itself
How is CNS fatigue created?
a disruption in chain of events between the CNS and the muscle fibers
Reasons for PNS fatigue?
reduced glycogen
lack of oxygen and metabolite accumulation
alterations in contractile function
what are neurotransmitters?
the language of the nervous system
what is a neuromodulator?
chemical messenger released by neuron that doesn’t have an excitatory or inhibitory effect, but influences strength of transmission
how can you prevent CNS fatigue?
listen to biofeedback
track your overload
compound lifts at start of workouts
start week w lower session
