Anatomy

Question 1

What is the main difference between blood collected with anticoagulant and those without?

Answer 1

Presence of fibrinogen

Question 2

What are the components and proportion of blood within a test tube containing anticoagulant?

Answer 2

Plasma: 55%
Buffy coat: < 1 %
Erythrocytes: 45%

Question 3

What are the various components found in plasma?

Answer 3

Water, Protein and other solutes

Question 4

What is the function of water in blood?

Answer 4

Transport molecules, elements and heat

Question 5

What does protein in blood contain?

Answer 5

Albumin, globulins, fibrinogen and regulatory proteins

Question 6

What is the function of albumin?

Answer 6

Maintains plasma osmotic pressure
Transport lipid, hormones and steroids

Question 7

Name the function of globulins

Answer 7

Transport ions, hormones and lipids

Immune function

Question 8

Name the function of fibrinogen

Answer 8

Clotting of systems

Question 9

What is the function of electrolytes in blood?

Answer 9

Maintain osmotic pressure of bodily fluids

Viral cellular activity

Question 10

What is the function of organic nutrients in blood?

Answer 10

ATP production

Cell growth and maintenance

Question 11

Name the function of red blood cells

Answer 11

Hb in blood binds and transport O2 and CO2

Question 12

How is the morphology of RBC advantageous for its function?

Answer 12

Large surface area allows O2 entry and exit

Allow RBC to bend and flex into the smaller capillaries

Question 13

What is the lifespan of RBC and how is it degraded upon completion?

Answer 13

3-4 months
- Produced by red bone marrow
- Removed by macrophages

Question 14

What is the function of leukocytes?

Answer 14

Defend against pathogens and remove toxins and abnormal or damaged cells

Question 15

What are the types of white blood cells? Name the white blood cells in each category as well

Answer 15

Granulocytes and agranulocytes
Granulocytes: Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Agranulocytes: Lymphocytes, monocytes

Question 16

How are white blood cells produced?

Answer 16

In the bone marrow

Question 17

Name the function of neutrophils

Answer 17

Arrive at site of inflammation by attacking and digesting bacteria marked for destruction

Question 18

How long is the lifespan of neutrophil? What are some key characteristics to identify this cell?

Answer 18

10H
3-5 lobes connected by fine strands

Question 19

Name the function of eosinophils

Answer 19

Phagocytize antibody-coated bacteria, protozoa and cellular debris

Exocytosis of toxin compounds on surface of ligand

Question 20

Name the function of basophils

Answer 20

Migrate to injury site and discharge content of granules

Enhance local inflammation initiated by mast cells and attract WBC

Question 21

When do basophils increase in numbers?

Answer 21

Chronic allergic reaction

Question 22

When do eosinophils increase in numbers?

Answer 22

Parasite infections

Question 23

What are the functions of monocytes?

Answer 23

Generate tissue macrophages

Phagocytize and digest protozoa, virus and aged cells not effectively dealt with by neutrophils

Antigen presentation

Question 24

What is the lifespan of monocytes?

Answer 24

24H before entering tissue

Question 25

What are the function of platelets?

Answer 25

Adhere to collagenous tissue at margin of vascular damage to form temporary patch

Release chemicals or factors inducing platelet aggregation

Promote blood clot formation, retraction and removal

Secrete factors involved in vascular repair

Question 26

What is the lifespan of platelets and how are they removed?

Answer 26

9-12 days

Removed by splenic phagocytosis

Question 27

What is the function of red bone marrow?

Answer 27

Site of hematopoiesis

Remove worn out RBC with spleen and liver