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VASCULAR URR > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

When evaluating the carotid siphon from the submandibular window, the sample depth should be set to value between

A

60-80mm (70mm)

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2
Q

The posterior communicating artery connects the

A

anterior and posterior cerebral vessels

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3
Q

Which artery supplies the brainstem with arterial blood

A

basilar artery

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4
Q

Blood within the pulmonary veins

A

contains high oxygen content and flows into the left atrium

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5
Q

The left and right innominate veins merge to form the

A

SVC

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6
Q

What structures are supplied by branches of the internal carotid artery

A

eyes, lateral nose and parietal lobe

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7
Q

A normal penile brachial index is

A

> 0.75

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8
Q

The primary mechanisms that control arterial flow volume changes during the cardiac cycle are

A

cardiac output, peripheral resistance

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9
Q

Respiration and _______ are responsible for venous blood flow

A

the calf muscle pump

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10
Q

An effective calf pump causes ______ in the pressure in the deep veins of the calf

A

a decrease

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11
Q

The achilles tendon is a landmark for which deep calf vein

A

PTV

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12
Q

Poiseuille’s law states that the ________ has the most significant effect on the blood flow in a vessel

A

vessel radius

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13
Q

The GSV originates

A

at the dorsum of the foot and courses anterior to the medial malleolus

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14
Q

__________ receives the blood from the posterior tibial perforators and plays a major role in venous stasis of the lower extremity

A

the posterior venous arch

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15
Q

What branch comes off the ICA

A

ophthalmic

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16
Q

What is the proper caliper placement for assessing the portal vein diameter

A

inner to inner wall at the point the portal vein crosses the IVC

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17
Q

As pressure increases, resistance must _______ to maintain constant flow volume

A

increase

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18
Q

What is the probe placement for a doppler evaluation of the frontal artery

A

near the inner canthus of the eye

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19
Q

What intracranial artery courses within the sylvian fissure

A

MCA

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20
Q

The posterior communicating arteries connect the

A

PCA and MCA

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21
Q

What is the first branch of the ascending aorta

A

coronary arteries

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22
Q

Paired veins that accompany an artery of the same name are called

A

venae comitantes

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23
Q

How can you differentiate the anterior accessory saphenous vein from the great saphenous vein

A

look for the alignment sign that is only associated with the AASV

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24
Q

Using the suboccipital window, the normal basilar and vertebral arteries will demonstrate

A

flow away from the probe

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25
Q

A mesenteric to aortic ratio is considered normal when it is

A

1.0 or less

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26
Q

where is the marginal artery of drummond located

A

connects the SMA and IMA through the mesentery

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27
Q

What vein does not normally contain any functioning valves

A

innominate vein

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28
Q

Which branch of the circle of willis supplies the corpus callosum and the CSP with arterial blood

A

ACA

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29
Q

The small saphenous vein originates

A

posterior to the lateral malleolus and ascends along the midline aspect of posterior calf

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30
Q

What describes a cardiovascular application of the bernoulli principle

A

explains the turbulence and layers of flow separation within the carotid bulb

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31
Q

An ineffective calf muscle pump causes

A

the pressure in the deep calf veins to increase

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32
Q

The supraorbital artery is a branch of the ___________. Branches of the supraorbital artery connect with branches of the ___________, which is a branch of the ECA. This is a common collateral pathway from the ECA to the ICA

A

ophthalmic artery, superficial temporal artery

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33
Q

What vessel does not drain into the IVC

A

splenic vein

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34
Q

Once the pressure in the deep venous system consistently exceeds the pressure in the superficial system, perforators will

A

dilate leading to bi-directional flow

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35
Q

__________ drains the blood from the GSV in the proximal thigh into the proximal and mid femoral vein

A

thigh perforators

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36
Q

What describes the best technique used to visualize and locate the inferior mesenteric artery

A

tranverse approach, locate renal arteries and slide inferiorly

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37
Q

The angular artery is the terminal branch of the

A

facial artery

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38
Q

What terms can be used to describe the normal doppler waveform in the proximal renal vein

A

respiratory phasicity and mild pulsatility

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39
Q

The _________ is described as the segment of the vessel located between the distal ICA and the origin of the anterior communicating artery

A

A1 segment of the ACA

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40
Q

The carotid siphon supplies blood to

A

the ophthalmic artery

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41
Q

The ICA terminates into which two branches of the circle of willis

A

MCA and ACA

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42
Q

Where is the arc of riolan found

A

within the mesentery

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43
Q

The hepatic artery carries ______ of the blood entering the liver

A

20-30%

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44
Q

________ carries the blood from the GSV in the distal thigh into the distal femoral vein

A

thigh perforators

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45
Q

Which calf vessel’s anatomic vourse has been referred to as a stocking seam

A

small saphenous vein

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46
Q

Normal flow in the splenic artery

A

demonstrates reynold’s number >2000

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47
Q

Where are the venous sinusoids in the lower extremity

A

between the soleal and gastrocnemius muscle

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48
Q

When performing a lower extremity venous exam for insufficiency, you locate an incompetent vein connected to the GSV in the mid to upper calf by an incompetent perforator. Identify the vein

A

posterior arch vein

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49
Q

Which arteries will be compressed when evaluating frontal artery flow for a periorbital doppler exam

A

superficial temporal artery and infraorbital artery

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50
Q

What is considered an abnormality that causes turbulence in a vessel

A

myointimal hyperplasia

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51
Q

The innominate vein is formed by the junction of

A

subclavian vein and IJV

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52
Q

The weight of the column of blood within the veins when standing is called

A

hydrostatic pressure

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53
Q

What vessel is most commonly assessed for the presence of a bruit

A

CCA

54
Q

What flow characteristics are seen in a normal hepatic vein doppler tracing

A

cardiac pulsatility and respiratory phasicity

55
Q

Normal hepatic venous flow will demonstrate

A

two large antegrade diastolic and systolic waves followed by a small retrograde component that corresponds with the atrial contraction

56
Q

Ohm’s Law of electrical current is also used to describe

A

arterial blood flow volumes

57
Q

What vessels supply the majority of blood to the cerebellum

A

vertebral and basilar

58
Q

What transcranial window is most commonly used to evaluate the carotid siphon and the ophthalmic artery

A

orbital

59
Q

A normal peak velocity in the cavernosa arteries after a papaverine injection would be

A

> 30 cm/s

60
Q

What two veins converge to form the SVC

A

right and left innominate

61
Q

The _______ is described as the segment of the vessel located between the distal basilar artery and the origin of the posterior communicator artery

A

P1 segment of the PCA

62
Q

The vessel wall layer that is composed of fibrous connective tissue is called

A

tunica externa

63
Q

The ACA and its branches feed which lobes of the brain

A

parietal and frontal

64
Q

Describe the proper technique for evaluating the ACA through the temporal window

A

anterior angulation with 65mm depth

65
Q

When evaluating the GSV for use as a bypass graft, what is the preferred diameter for the vein

A

> 3mm

66
Q

In cases of interrupted IVC, how does the blood from the distal IVC and lower extremities reach the right atrium

A

azygous vein serves as a collateral pathway and empties into the SVC

67
Q

Which vessel courses posterior to the anterior scalene muscle

A

subclavian artery

68
Q

The hypo gastric artery is another name for what vessel

A

internal iliac artery

69
Q

What is a potential collateral pathway for extracranial to intracranial blood flow

A

facial and maxillary artery branches connect to small branches of the orbital artery

70
Q

The distal femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery at the

A

level of the adductor canal

71
Q

Which veins receive blood from the superficial and deep venous systems

A

subclavian and popliteal vein

72
Q

What two vessels are palpated to assess the pulse when peripheral arterial disease is suspected

A

posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries

73
Q

A pulsatility index of >5.0 in the extremities indicates

A

normal resistance

74
Q

What vein does not normally contain any functioning valves

A

inferior vena cava

75
Q

During inspiration the flow in the veins of the lower extremities

A

decreases

76
Q

What explains the increased incidence of DVT in the left leg when compared to the right leg

A

the anatomic course of the left iliac vein leads to increased risk of extrinsic compression

77
Q

Transcranial doppler most commonly uses which doppler measurement to evaluate flow in the cerebral vessels

A

time average maximum velocity

78
Q

Normal brachial pressures should not differ more than _______ between arms

A

20mmHg

79
Q

What is the preferred patient position for performing an upper extremity arterial duplex exam

A

arm abducted 45 degrees and externally rotated

80
Q

Flow through venous perforators is normally

A

unidirectional from the superficial to the deep venous system

81
Q

While performing a lower extremity venous exam, you identify a small pair of veins with an accompanying artery deep in the calf muscle, that connect to the popliteal vein. What veins are these

A

sural veins

82
Q

The lateral plantar arch artery originates at the

A

posterior tibial artery

83
Q

What occurs during calf muscle relaxation

A

blood flows through the perforators from the superficial to the deep veins

84
Q

_______ reflux will be normally seen in the lower extremity superficial system

A

less than 0.5s

85
Q

The most common congenital anomaly of the circle of willis is

A

the absence of one or more communicating arteries

86
Q

You receive an order for a pre-op arterial mapping to evaluate the internal mammary artery. What vessel should you evaluate to locate the origin of the internal mammary artery

A

subclavian artery

87
Q

Branches of the ________ connect to branches of the vertebral arteries to allow collateral flow from the anterior circulation to the posterior circulation

A

occipital artery

88
Q

What are branches of the distal ICA

A

MCA, ACA, posterior communicating artery

89
Q

The _______ artery terminates at the external calcaneal artery

A

peroneal

90
Q

How can the P1 and P2 segments of the posterior cerebral artery differentiated on a transtemporal evaluation during a TCD exam

A

P1 demonstrates flow moving toward the transducer and P2 demonstrates flow moving away from the transducer

91
Q

The normal brachial artery waveform should resemble the flow in the normal _______ artery

A

peroneal artery

92
Q

What is the name of the tiny network of vessels that supply/drain blood to /from the vessel wall

A

vasa vasorum

93
Q

What vessel supplies the majority of the blood to the hand

A

ulnar artery

94
Q

The supraorbital artery originates from the ophthalmic artery and joins what branch of the ECA

A

superficial temporal artery

95
Q

What is unaffected by vasoconstriction and vasodilation in the arterioles

A

hydrostatic pressure

96
Q

What veins normally do not demonstrate spontaneous flow on doppler evaluation

A

posterior tibial, peroneal and GSV

97
Q

There are normally _______ perforator veins in each leg

A

about 100

98
Q

The inguinal ligament connects the

A

superior edge of the iliac crest with the anterior pubic bone

99
Q

What veins contain blood with a very high oxygen content

A

pulmonary veins

100
Q

What vein is located deep to the muscular fascia in the proximal arm and superficial to the fascia in the forearm

A

basilic

101
Q

Where is the eustachian valve found

A

near the junction of the IVC with the right atrium

102
Q

What venous valves are closed in the lower extremity during calf muscle relaxation

A

proximal thigh veins

103
Q

What is the most common anatomic variation in aortic arch anatomy

A

two branches originate from the arch: a shared innominate/left CCA trunk and the left subclavian artery

104
Q

A common anatomic variant of the mesenteric arterial anatomy is

A

the celiac axis and SMA share a common trunk

105
Q

The term for the most common anatomic variant of the aortic arch anatomy is the

A

bovine arch

106
Q

The paratibial perforators connect the

A

GSV and PTVs

107
Q

Exercise causes _______ which leads to _________ in the lower extremities

A

vasodilation, decreased resistance

108
Q

Normally, what changes occur in the waveform of the SMA postprandially

A

resistance decreases

109
Q

The innominate veins lie ________ to the innominate artery

A

anterior and lateral

110
Q

The internal iliac artery demonstrates _______ flow than the external iliac artery

A

lower resistance

111
Q

What calf vessels can be identified between the medial malleolus and the distal portion of the achilles tendon

A

posterior tibial artery

112
Q

What is the primary drainage system of the upper arm

A

superficial venous system

113
Q

What venous valves are closed in the lower extremity during calf muscle relaxation

A

proximal thigh veins

114
Q

Branches of the _________ connect to branches of the vertebral arteries to allow collateral flow from the anterior circulation to the posterior circulation

A

occipital artery

115
Q

The suboccipital window is used in TCD exams to evaluate what arteries

A

vertebral and basilar

116
Q

While performing an arterial duplex exam, the patient complains that she is cold. What effect could this have on your exam

A

increased pulsatility in the vessels evaluated

117
Q

During a TCD exam the depth is set to 100mm while using the suboccipital window. What vessel will be interrogated and what direction will the flow be moving

A

basilar, away from the transducer

118
Q

The popliteal artery _______ the popliteal vein

A

courses anterior to

119
Q

The profunda artery courses __________ to the femoral artery

A

posterior and lateral

120
Q

The pulsatility index in a normal aorta should be ______ the PI in the normal popliteal artery

A

lower than

121
Q

The innominate veins lie _______ to the innominate artery

A

anterior and lateral

122
Q

Normally, what changes occur in the waveform of the SMA postprandially

A

resistance decreases

123
Q

What calf vessel can be identified between the medial malleolus and the distal portion of the chilles tendon

A

PTA

124
Q

Exercise causes _______ which leads to ________ in the lower extremities

A

vasodilation, decreased resistance

125
Q

What principle produces an equation that relates pressure gradient to flow and resistance within the circulatory system

A

poiseuille’s law

126
Q

The paratibial perforators connect

A

the GSV and PTVs

127
Q

The lateral plantar artery originates

A

at the PTA

128
Q

You are evaluating the subclavian artery and its branches. How can you differentiate the vertebral artery from the thyrocervical and costocervical trunks

A

the trunk arteries have many branches and lower end diastolic flow velocities

129
Q

The profunda artery courses _________ to the superficial femoral artery

A

posterior lateral

130
Q

A weak pulse on the PTA will be describes as ________, while a bounding pulse in the ATA will be described as

A

1+, 4+

131
Q

The superficial venous system of the lower extremities contains vessels that are located

A

superficial to he deep muscular fascia

VASCULAR URR (6 decks)

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