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Pilates > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

BODY PLANES
Sagittal Plane

A

A vertical plane dividing the body into right and left portions

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2
Q

BODY PLANES
Median/Midsagittal Plane

A

A vertical plane dividing the body into equal right and left portions

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3
Q

BODY PLANES
Coronal/Frontal Plane

A

A vertical plane dividing the body into front and back portions

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4
Q

BODY PLANES
Transverse Plane

A

A horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

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5
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Standing with the front of the body and palms facing forward

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6
Q

Prone

A

Lying on the front of the body with face downward

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7
Q

Supine

A

Lying on the back of the body with the face upward

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8
Q

Anterior

A

Front side / in front of

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9
Q

Posterior

A

Backside / in back of

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10
Q

Medial

A

Closer toward median plane / midline

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11
Q

Lateral

A

Further from the median plane / toward the side

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12
Q

Superior

A

Above / towards the head

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13
Q

Inferior

A

Below / towards feet

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14
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the root of the limb or center of the body

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15
Q

Distal

A

Further from the root of the limb or center of the body

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16
Q

Fibrous joint

A

A joint where the bones are directly connected by fibrous tissue. Example: sutures of skull

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17
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

A joint where the bones are directly connected by cartilage, example: intervertebral disc

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18
Q

Synovial

A

A joint where there is a small space between the bones that contains synovial fluid. Examples: shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle, and many other joints of the limbs

19
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

Hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball-and-socket, gliding

20
Q

Hinge (Synovial Joint)

A

A joint formed between a spool-shaped surface and reciprocal concave surface that allows forward-backward movement in one plane. Examples: elbow, knee, and ankle joints

21
Q

Pivot (Synovial Joint)

A

A joint formed between a rounded surface or peg and an arch-shaped surface that allows rotation in one plane, examples: joints of the forearm (upper and lower radio on joints)

22
Q

Condyloid (synovial joint)

A

A joint formed between an oval-shaped convex surface and a reciprocal cavity that allows movement in two planes. Example: wrist joint.

23
Q

Saddle (synovial joint)

A

A joint formed between a saddle-shaped surface and a bone with opposite concave-convex surfaces that allows movement in two planes. Example: thumb (first carpal metacarpal joint)

24
Q

Ball-and-socket (synovial joint)

A

A joint formed between a spherical head and a concave socket that allows movement in three planes. Examples: shoulder and hip joints

25
Q

Gliding (synovial joint)

A

A joint formed between flat or slightly curved surfaces, allowing slight sliding motions that generally do not occur around an axis. Example: joint between the scapula and clavicle (acromioclavicular joint)

26
Q

Flexion

A

Bringing the anterior surface of a body segment towards the anterior surface of an adjacent body segment (except at the knee, where posterior surfaces are approximated)/bending

27
Q

Extension

A

Moving from a flexed position towards the anatomical position or beyond/straightening

28
Q

Hyperextension

A

Moving in extension past the anatomical position

29
Q

Abduction

A

Moving away from the midline of the body

30
Q

Adduction

A

Moving toward the midline of the body

31
Q

External rotation

A

Turning the anterior surface outward

32
Q

Internal rotation

A

Turning the anterior surface inward

33
Q

Lateral flexion (spine)

A

Side bending of the trunk to the right or left

34
Q

Rotation (spine)

A

Turning the front of the head or trunk to the right or left

35
Q

Inversion (foot)

A

Lifting the medial/inside portion of the foot upwards

36
Q

Eversion (foot)

A

Lifting the lateral/outside portion of the foot upwards

37
Q

Pronation (foot)

A

Rolling in of the foot

38
Q

Pronation (forearm)

A

Turning palm backwards

39
Q

Supination (foot)

A

Rolling out of the foot

40
Q

Supination (forearm)

A

Turning palm forwards

41
Q

Dorsiflexion ankle-foot

A

Bringing top of the foot up towards the shin/flexing the foot

42
Q

Plantar flexion (ankle foot)

A

Bringing the bottom of foot downwards/pointing the foot

43
Q

Horizontal adduction (shoulder)

A

Movement toward midline in horizontal plane with the arm at shoulder height

44
Q

Horizontal abduction (shoulder)

A

Movement away from midline in a horizontal plane with the arm at shoulder height

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